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anatomy and physiology 2 Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

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My document combines notes from class, the textbook, and videos about each chapter. Overall, I passed A&P 2 with a B using these notes. The note is lengthy, covering each section from the textbook chapter while highlighting key points discussed in class. It is typed out for easy reading, with handwritten notes in the margin. immune system, lymphoid tissue and cells, lymphatic vessels, lymph node anatomy, thymus, innate (nonspecific) and adaptive (specific) immunity, macrophages and microphages, immune system response, antigens, Properties of Adaptive Immunity, cell-mediated adaptive immunity, T cells, B cells,

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Uploaded on
November 1, 2024
Number of pages
60
Written in
2023/2024
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Veronica fortino
Contains
All classes

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,
,• to provide an effective defense
• Lymphocytes, detect problems, and travel to them through the blood stream
• it eliminates local variation in the composition of interstitial fluid by distributing
hormones, nutrients and waste from the tissue of origin and circulates them
Random
• Lymphocytes can pass through capillaries
• The excess fluid from capillaries return to the bloodstream through lymphatic
vessels, which help transport lymphocytes and white blood cells to organs


Lymphatic vessels
• AK lymphatics
• Carry lymph from peripheral tissue to the venous system
• lymph first enters in lymphatic capillaries, and then drains into trunks and
ducky’s (larger major limbs, collecting vessels)
Lymphatic capillaries
• the lymphatic network begins with lymphatic capillaries which branch through
peripheral tissues
• Lined by endothelial cells, but the basement membrane is incomplete or
absent
• Endothelial cells are not found together tightly, but do overlap
• The overlapped area access a one-way valve, it permits, fluids, and solutes to
enter, along with viruses, bacteria and cell debris, but prevent them from
returning back to intercellular space
• They differ from blood capillaries; are closed at one end (blood caps are
continuous tubes), have larger diameters, have thinner walls, typically have
flattened or irregular outline under microscope
• found almost everywhere, except for areas without a blood supply like the
cornea.

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