NUR 242 Med/Surg Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers

NUR 242 Med/Surg Exam 2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Hypocalcemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - serum level below 9
- painful muscle spasms in calf/foot during rest or sleep
- positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs
- parethesias, tingling, numbness
- WEAK THREADY HEART RATE that may be slower or faster than normal


Hypocalcemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - inadequate oral intake of calcium and
Vitamin D
- kidney failure
- malabsorption syndrome (Chrohn's disease)
- lactose intolerance
- ESKD


Hypocalcemia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - oral or IV calcium supplements
- seizure precautions
- Vitamin D to help with the absorption of calcium from the GI tract


Hypercalcemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - serum level higher than 10.5
- severe muscle weakness and decreased deep tendon reflexes
- confusion
- lethargy
- INCREASED HR & BP
- severe prolonged - electrical conduction depression
- cyanosis, pallor
- blood clots

, Hypercalcemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - excessive oral intake of calcium and
Vitamin D
- kidney failure
- use of thiazide diuretics


Hypercalcemia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - D/C thiazide diuretics and replace
with diuretics that enhance excretion of calcium (lasix/furosemide)
- administer IV fluids (0.9% NS)
- sodium increases kidney excretion of calcium


Hypokalemia s/s - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - serum level less than 3.5
- THREADY, WEAK, IRREGULAR PULSE
- orthostatic hypotension
- lethargy
- skeletal muscle weakness
- CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS


Hypokalemia causes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - Excessive use of diuretics, digitalis,
corticosteroids
- diarrhea & vomiting
- kidney disease
- wound drainage
- prolonged gastric suctioning


Hypokalemia treatment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- - increase serum potassium levels - oral
of IV potassium
- NEVER GIVE VIA IV PUSH
- hold diuretics
- fall prevention
- use potassium-sparing diuretics if NEEDED