Exam 4 intro. to Psych JCCC Final
Hindsight Bias - answer-The tendency you believe, after learning an outcome, that one
would have foreseen it. Ex. "I knew it!"
Overconfidence - answer Tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct
predictions
Hypothesis - answer- A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Experiment - answer A research study conducted to determine the effect that one
variable has upon another variable.
a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis
Part of a Neuron and functions - answer Dendrites - receives signals from other neurons
Cell body - nucleus with chromosomes signals received from dendrites pass through the
cell body and send out through the axons.
Axon - sends signals to other neurons
Myelin -insulating layer of fat composed of glial cells that can for a myelin sheath over
some axons for a faster transmission.
Synapse- is a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite and
cell body of the receiving neuron.
neurotransmitters - answerchemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between
neurons Names: Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, gaba, glutamte
hormones - answerchemicals produced by your glands that are released into the
bloodstream, that regulate the activities of different body cells
collectivist/individualistic cultures - answerCollectivist culture - culture that focuses on
communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community.
individualistic culture - culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy
learning - answerthe process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or
behaviors
cognition - answerall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating
motivation - answera need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
drive - answerstate of arousal/tension that motivates behaviors; ex. Hunger, thirst
, circadian rhythm - answerthe biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-
hour cycle
environment - answerevery non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people
and things around us
conservation - answerthe principle (by Piaget) that a given quantity
(mass,volume,number) does not change when its appearance is changed
teratogens - answeragents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal
development and cause harm
memory - answerThe persistence of learning over time through the in encoding,
storage, and retrieval of information
achievement test/aptitude test - answertests designed to assess what a person has
learned.
tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
emotion - answera response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal,
expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
effects of poverty - answer- Even if you are not well off, if you have enough means to
provide the basic resources need and have some control over life, you are more likely to
be happy then those with wealth beyond basic needs.
general adaption syndrome - answerA sequence of physical responses to any stressor.
Alarm, Resistance and Exhaustion
sympathetic nervous system - answerfight or flight response
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its
energy
adaption level phenomenon - answerour tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of
light, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
stress appraisal - answerthe assessment of an event to determine whether its
implications are pos, neg, or neutral
the process by which a person interprets a stressor as a threat or a challenge
relative deprivation - answerthe perception that one is worse off, relative to those with
whom one compares oneself to
Hindsight Bias - answer-The tendency you believe, after learning an outcome, that one
would have foreseen it. Ex. "I knew it!"
Overconfidence - answer Tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct
predictions
Hypothesis - answer- A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Experiment - answer A research study conducted to determine the effect that one
variable has upon another variable.
a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis
Part of a Neuron and functions - answer Dendrites - receives signals from other neurons
Cell body - nucleus with chromosomes signals received from dendrites pass through the
cell body and send out through the axons.
Axon - sends signals to other neurons
Myelin -insulating layer of fat composed of glial cells that can for a myelin sheath over
some axons for a faster transmission.
Synapse- is a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite and
cell body of the receiving neuron.
neurotransmitters - answerchemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between
neurons Names: Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, gaba, glutamte
hormones - answerchemicals produced by your glands that are released into the
bloodstream, that regulate the activities of different body cells
collectivist/individualistic cultures - answerCollectivist culture - culture that focuses on
communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community.
individualistic culture - culture that focuses on individual achievement and autonomy
learning - answerthe process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or
behaviors
cognition - answerall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating
motivation - answera need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
drive - answerstate of arousal/tension that motivates behaviors; ex. Hunger, thirst
, circadian rhythm - answerthe biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-
hour cycle
environment - answerevery non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people
and things around us
conservation - answerthe principle (by Piaget) that a given quantity
(mass,volume,number) does not change when its appearance is changed
teratogens - answeragents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal
development and cause harm
memory - answerThe persistence of learning over time through the in encoding,
storage, and retrieval of information
achievement test/aptitude test - answertests designed to assess what a person has
learned.
tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
emotion - answera response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal,
expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.
effects of poverty - answer- Even if you are not well off, if you have enough means to
provide the basic resources need and have some control over life, you are more likely to
be happy then those with wealth beyond basic needs.
general adaption syndrome - answerA sequence of physical responses to any stressor.
Alarm, Resistance and Exhaustion
sympathetic nervous system - answerfight or flight response
the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its
energy
adaption level phenomenon - answerour tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of
light, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
stress appraisal - answerthe assessment of an event to determine whether its
implications are pos, neg, or neutral
the process by which a person interprets a stressor as a threat or a challenge
relative deprivation - answerthe perception that one is worse off, relative to those with
whom one compares oneself to
