HDFS Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Which of the following statements best represents the view of developmentalists?
A.Growth and change occur primarily in children and adolescents.
B.Growth and change are less important to study than stability.
C.Growth and change occur primarily in some aspects of a person's life.
D.Growth and change occur in all aspects of a person's life across their lifespan. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- D
The financial crisis of the 2010s exerted what type of effect on the cohort of children growing
up during this period?
A.history-graded influences
B.sociocultural-graded influences
C.age-graded influences
D.non-normative life event influences - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A
Shalise believes that child development is a process of continuous change. Her classmate
Evan says that development follows a pattern of discontinuous change. Who is correct?
A.Evan: A child's increasing height proves that development is always only discontinuous.
B.Shalise: The growth of cognitive ability proves that development is always only
continuous.
C.Shalise: A child's increasing height proves that development is always only continuous.
D.Both: A child's development is marked by both continuous and discontinuous change. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Which of the following statements represents current thinking among most
developmentalists?
A.Developmental growth and change occur throughout the life span.
B.Child development occurs in a consistent and predictable way, regardless of culture or
environment.
C.Developmentalists see the life span as a series of losses.
,D.Social and personality development occurs during infancy, childhood, and adolescence and
then ceases. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A
Erikson's __________ theory was created as an alternative psychodynamic view emphasizing
social interaction with other people.
A.behavioral perspective
B.social-cognitive
C.humanistic potential
D.psychosocial development - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Which of the following statements describes the difference between classical conditioning
and operant conditioning?
A.Classical conditioning involves voluntary responses and operant conditioning involves
automatic responses.
B.Classical conditioning involves behavioral responses and operant conditioning involves
cognitive responses.
C.Classical conditioning involves cognitive responses and operant conditioning involves
behavioral responses.
D.Classical conditioning involves automatic responses and operant conditioning involves
voluntary responses. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
Which perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their
lives?
A.cognitive perspective
B.humanistic perspective
C.psychodynamic perspective
D.behavioral perspective - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
What is the key factor guiding developmental perspectives that consider the relationship
between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds?
A.conditioning
B.genetic
C.contextual factors
,D.habituation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
Which scientist studied the importance of biological determinants on behavior patterns?
A.Urie Bronfenbrenner
B.Charles Darwin
C.Sigmund Freud
D.Konrad Lorenz - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Some lifespan developmentalists use a(n) __________ approach, drawing on several
perspectives simultaneously.
A.correlational
B.cognitive
C.eclectic
D.behavioral - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
A(n) __________ is a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested.
A.experiment
B.hypothesis
C.theory
D.proposition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
What is the best type of study to determine if daily reading with a parent can increase the
speed at which a child learns to read independently?
A.hypothetical
B.experimental
C.theoretical
D.correlational - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
Alan has decided to conduct a naturalistic observation of children and friendships. Which
location would produce the most accurate results?
A.a playground
, B.a laboratory setting designed like a classroom
C.a hospital emergency room
D.a school principal's office - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A
In an experiment, the __________ is exposed to the treatment variable being studied; the
__________ is not.
A.treatment group; experimental group
B.control group; treatment group
C.treatment group; control group
D.control group; experimental group - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
A scientist is interested in the processes of cognitive change during childhood and decides to
see how many words children of various ages can remember after one exposure to a list of
words. What type of research is this scientist conducting?
A.evolutionary-response research
B.treatment-specific research
C.applied research
D.theoretical research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Which type of research design takes the longest amount of time to complete?
A.correlational
B.cross-sectional
C.longitudinal
D.sequential - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
Researchers must obtain __________ from participants before their involvement in a study.
A.ethical understanding
B.informed consent
C.comprehensive guidelines
D.proxy permission - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Which of the following statements best represents the view of developmentalists?
A.Growth and change occur primarily in children and adolescents.
B.Growth and change are less important to study than stability.
C.Growth and change occur primarily in some aspects of a person's life.
D.Growth and change occur in all aspects of a person's life across their lifespan. - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- D
The financial crisis of the 2010s exerted what type of effect on the cohort of children growing
up during this period?
A.history-graded influences
B.sociocultural-graded influences
C.age-graded influences
D.non-normative life event influences - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A
Shalise believes that child development is a process of continuous change. Her classmate
Evan says that development follows a pattern of discontinuous change. Who is correct?
A.Evan: A child's increasing height proves that development is always only discontinuous.
B.Shalise: The growth of cognitive ability proves that development is always only
continuous.
C.Shalise: A child's increasing height proves that development is always only continuous.
D.Both: A child's development is marked by both continuous and discontinuous change. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Which of the following statements represents current thinking among most
developmentalists?
A.Developmental growth and change occur throughout the life span.
B.Child development occurs in a consistent and predictable way, regardless of culture or
environment.
C.Developmentalists see the life span as a series of losses.
,D.Social and personality development occurs during infancy, childhood, and adolescence and
then ceases. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A
Erikson's __________ theory was created as an alternative psychodynamic view emphasizing
social interaction with other people.
A.behavioral perspective
B.social-cognitive
C.humanistic potential
D.psychosocial development - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Which of the following statements describes the difference between classical conditioning
and operant conditioning?
A.Classical conditioning involves voluntary responses and operant conditioning involves
automatic responses.
B.Classical conditioning involves behavioral responses and operant conditioning involves
cognitive responses.
C.Classical conditioning involves cognitive responses and operant conditioning involves
behavioral responses.
D.Classical conditioning involves automatic responses and operant conditioning involves
voluntary responses. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
Which perspective contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their
lives?
A.cognitive perspective
B.humanistic perspective
C.psychodynamic perspective
D.behavioral perspective - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
What is the key factor guiding developmental perspectives that consider the relationship
between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds?
A.conditioning
B.genetic
C.contextual factors
,D.habituation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
Which scientist studied the importance of biological determinants on behavior patterns?
A.Urie Bronfenbrenner
B.Charles Darwin
C.Sigmund Freud
D.Konrad Lorenz - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Some lifespan developmentalists use a(n) __________ approach, drawing on several
perspectives simultaneously.
A.correlational
B.cognitive
C.eclectic
D.behavioral - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
A(n) __________ is a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested.
A.experiment
B.hypothesis
C.theory
D.proposition - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
What is the best type of study to determine if daily reading with a parent can increase the
speed at which a child learns to read independently?
A.hypothetical
B.experimental
C.theoretical
D.correlational - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
Alan has decided to conduct a naturalistic observation of children and friendships. Which
location would produce the most accurate results?
A.a playground
, B.a laboratory setting designed like a classroom
C.a hospital emergency room
D.a school principal's office - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A
In an experiment, the __________ is exposed to the treatment variable being studied; the
__________ is not.
A.treatment group; experimental group
B.control group; treatment group
C.treatment group; control group
D.control group; experimental group - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
A scientist is interested in the processes of cognitive change during childhood and decides to
see how many words children of various ages can remember after one exposure to a list of
words. What type of research is this scientist conducting?
A.evolutionary-response research
B.treatment-specific research
C.applied research
D.theoretical research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- D
Which type of research design takes the longest amount of time to complete?
A.correlational
B.cross-sectional
C.longitudinal
D.sequential - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- C
Researchers must obtain __________ from participants before their involvement in a study.
A.ethical understanding
B.informed consent
C.comprehensive guidelines
D.proxy permission - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- B
