NBPTS ENL Assessment Center Exercise 6 Exam
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Acquisition - Answer definition: a process of language learning which occurs when a
learner is exposed to meaningful, comprehensible input; requires meaningful interaction
in the target language during which the learner is focused on meaning rather than form;
occurs in five stages
Instructional implication: instruction for each student must be addressed according to
his/her stage of language acquisition; each stage has its set of instructional
implications; input should be made comprehensible through scaffolding input should be
made meaningful by relating it to the student's life, prior knowledge, and interests
accommodation - Answer definition: the process of changing spoken or written
language to make it easier to understand for second language learners. In testing and
assessment, accommodations may be made in how the assessment is presented, how
responses are given, where/under what conditions the test is taken, or how much time
or when the assessment is given/scheduled.
INSTRUCTIONAL IMPLICATION: teachers, where possible, should reduce the linguistic
complexity of assessment tools; should not provide accommodations that are intended
for students with disabilities, but rather provide those consistent with students'
language needs; should consider the student's current level of English language
proficiency and the progress the student has made in attaining proficiency when making
decisions about accommodations
Acculturation-Answer definition: process of adapting to a new culture; the student will
be able to learn the new culture without giving away their own native culture.
Instructional implication: The teacher should assist the ELLs to learn how to participate
in a new culture. At the same time, teachers are supposed to promote appreciation and
response of culture. They should assist them to become proud of both their native
culture and their new culture; they are also supposed to assist them to become bilingual
and bicultural.
accuracy -Answer definition: the ability to produce sentences which are grammatically
correct and understandable
,instructional implication: Students make progress
acquisition of language through interaction with users of the target language
in meaningful contexts, and their oral fluency and accuracy in the use of the
English language increases as they start responding and continuing communication
in the target language like the accuracy in reading and writing that develops
through daily involvement in purposeful use. When language is seen as a learning tool
it provides the context in which thought processes in subject matter content are to be
communicated.
without having to translate content. In early stages of language development, accuracy
mustn't be pressed too much by the teacher because it will damage fluency. If there is
too much emphasis on accuracy, students will not produce language.
Additive bilingualism Answer definition: Rather than ignore or discard the child's
language and culture, additive bilingualism seeks to build on what the child brings into
the classroom and add to it.
Instructional implication: Children among additive bilinguals gain or retain a high level of
self-esteem because L1 is valued. This automatically enhances cultural identity and
transfer in the skills learned to L2.
Affective filter - The answer definition is given within the question. This is a kind of
imaginary wall that goes up between the learner and language input. When the filter is
turned on, the learner is blocking out the input. The filter is on when the anxiety is high
or self-esteem or motivation is low.
Instructional implication: Low anxiety classes are better environments for language
acquisition. Too much correction will raise an affective filter as self-esteem in using the
language drops. Thus, teachers should create a positive classroom environment in
which students feel comfortable and welcomed, not afraid or stressed, to lower the
affective filter and promote acquisition.
audiolingual method - Answer definition: a behavioristic approach to language learning;
stems from the belief that the ability to make a sound or use correct grammar is an
automatic, unconscious act; instruction is teacher-centered and makes use of drills and
dialogues; objective-the learner gains an automatic and accurate control of basic
sentence structures
, instructional implication:Grammatical structures are very carefully sequenced from
basic to more complex. Students are not necessarily expected to comprehend grammar
and grammar rules. Language learning, for them, is habit formation and pattern
learning; it's viewed as conditioning brought about through repetition, shaping, and
reinforcement. Thus, mimicry of forms and memorization of certain sentence patterns
are used extensively to present rules inductively. A range of drill types is practised with
the view to reducing learners' errors, which are seen as the product of interference
from the first language and in need of correction. The sentence is rarely exceeded in
focus. The audio-lingual method of learning operates on the belief that we learn
grammar at a subconscious level through conditioning. This is how children acquire
their mother tongue--repeated models of grammar use imprint the rules on our language
performance. In an audio-lingual classroom, the grammar is never described in any
language. Grammar is picked up at a subconscious level. A sentence is grammatically
correct because it "sounds right."
aural learners - Answer definition: learners who benefit more from left-brained
activities; respond better to oral instruction than visual instruction
Instructional implication: ESL teachers should employ multi-sensory instruction - visual,
oral and kinesthetic-to cater to different ways of learning and to make learning
unforgettable for all students.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - Answer definition: face-to-face
conversational fluency, including mastery of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar
Instructional implication: Teachers have to take into consideration the differentiation
between BICS and CALP. In this case, students may be fluent in social language but
struggle with the academic language and, thus, might need to be supported in both
language and content.
CALP Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency-Answer definition: A language
proficiency associated with schooling and the abstracted language abilities required for
academic work; a more complex, conceptual, linguistic ability that includes analysis,
synthesis, and evaluation
instructional implication: student may appear to be fluent superficially while performing
poorly in class since it typically takes 5 to 7 years to develop the CAPL. ELLs need
scaffolded instruction so that they can derive meaning from content and its associated
language.
CALLA - Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach Answer definition: a
Latest Update
Acquisition - Answer definition: a process of language learning which occurs when a
learner is exposed to meaningful, comprehensible input; requires meaningful interaction
in the target language during which the learner is focused on meaning rather than form;
occurs in five stages
Instructional implication: instruction for each student must be addressed according to
his/her stage of language acquisition; each stage has its set of instructional
implications; input should be made comprehensible through scaffolding input should be
made meaningful by relating it to the student's life, prior knowledge, and interests
accommodation - Answer definition: the process of changing spoken or written
language to make it easier to understand for second language learners. In testing and
assessment, accommodations may be made in how the assessment is presented, how
responses are given, where/under what conditions the test is taken, or how much time
or when the assessment is given/scheduled.
INSTRUCTIONAL IMPLICATION: teachers, where possible, should reduce the linguistic
complexity of assessment tools; should not provide accommodations that are intended
for students with disabilities, but rather provide those consistent with students'
language needs; should consider the student's current level of English language
proficiency and the progress the student has made in attaining proficiency when making
decisions about accommodations
Acculturation-Answer definition: process of adapting to a new culture; the student will
be able to learn the new culture without giving away their own native culture.
Instructional implication: The teacher should assist the ELLs to learn how to participate
in a new culture. At the same time, teachers are supposed to promote appreciation and
response of culture. They should assist them to become proud of both their native
culture and their new culture; they are also supposed to assist them to become bilingual
and bicultural.
accuracy -Answer definition: the ability to produce sentences which are grammatically
correct and understandable
,instructional implication: Students make progress
acquisition of language through interaction with users of the target language
in meaningful contexts, and their oral fluency and accuracy in the use of the
English language increases as they start responding and continuing communication
in the target language like the accuracy in reading and writing that develops
through daily involvement in purposeful use. When language is seen as a learning tool
it provides the context in which thought processes in subject matter content are to be
communicated.
without having to translate content. In early stages of language development, accuracy
mustn't be pressed too much by the teacher because it will damage fluency. If there is
too much emphasis on accuracy, students will not produce language.
Additive bilingualism Answer definition: Rather than ignore or discard the child's
language and culture, additive bilingualism seeks to build on what the child brings into
the classroom and add to it.
Instructional implication: Children among additive bilinguals gain or retain a high level of
self-esteem because L1 is valued. This automatically enhances cultural identity and
transfer in the skills learned to L2.
Affective filter - The answer definition is given within the question. This is a kind of
imaginary wall that goes up between the learner and language input. When the filter is
turned on, the learner is blocking out the input. The filter is on when the anxiety is high
or self-esteem or motivation is low.
Instructional implication: Low anxiety classes are better environments for language
acquisition. Too much correction will raise an affective filter as self-esteem in using the
language drops. Thus, teachers should create a positive classroom environment in
which students feel comfortable and welcomed, not afraid or stressed, to lower the
affective filter and promote acquisition.
audiolingual method - Answer definition: a behavioristic approach to language learning;
stems from the belief that the ability to make a sound or use correct grammar is an
automatic, unconscious act; instruction is teacher-centered and makes use of drills and
dialogues; objective-the learner gains an automatic and accurate control of basic
sentence structures
, instructional implication:Grammatical structures are very carefully sequenced from
basic to more complex. Students are not necessarily expected to comprehend grammar
and grammar rules. Language learning, for them, is habit formation and pattern
learning; it's viewed as conditioning brought about through repetition, shaping, and
reinforcement. Thus, mimicry of forms and memorization of certain sentence patterns
are used extensively to present rules inductively. A range of drill types is practised with
the view to reducing learners' errors, which are seen as the product of interference
from the first language and in need of correction. The sentence is rarely exceeded in
focus. The audio-lingual method of learning operates on the belief that we learn
grammar at a subconscious level through conditioning. This is how children acquire
their mother tongue--repeated models of grammar use imprint the rules on our language
performance. In an audio-lingual classroom, the grammar is never described in any
language. Grammar is picked up at a subconscious level. A sentence is grammatically
correct because it "sounds right."
aural learners - Answer definition: learners who benefit more from left-brained
activities; respond better to oral instruction than visual instruction
Instructional implication: ESL teachers should employ multi-sensory instruction - visual,
oral and kinesthetic-to cater to different ways of learning and to make learning
unforgettable for all students.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - Answer definition: face-to-face
conversational fluency, including mastery of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar
Instructional implication: Teachers have to take into consideration the differentiation
between BICS and CALP. In this case, students may be fluent in social language but
struggle with the academic language and, thus, might need to be supported in both
language and content.
CALP Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency-Answer definition: A language
proficiency associated with schooling and the abstracted language abilities required for
academic work; a more complex, conceptual, linguistic ability that includes analysis,
synthesis, and evaluation
instructional implication: student may appear to be fluent superficially while performing
poorly in class since it typically takes 5 to 7 years to develop the CAPL. ELLs need
scaffolded instruction so that they can derive meaning from content and its associated
language.
CALLA - Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach Answer definition: a
