©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIO 270 Exam 1 Hynd Study Guide
Solutions
Physiology - ANSWER✔✔-the processes enabling cells, tissues, systems, and organisms to function
Homeostasis - ANSWER✔✔-the maintenance of a relatively stable living environment
- essential for survival and function of all cells
Function depends on - ANSWER✔✔-Structure
Extracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid environment in which cells live (fluid outside of the cells)
Two components of extracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-Plasma & Interstitial Fluid
Intracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid contained within all cells
Cell Functions - ANSWER✔✔-1) Obtaining oxygen and nutrients from the environment
2) Performing energy-generating chemical reactions (food + O2 --> H2O + energy)
3) Eliminate waste (CO2)
4) Synthesize proteins
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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
5) Moving material through the cell (RNA, proteins, messengers)
6) Responding to the environment
7) Reproducing
Levels of Organization - ANSWER✔✔-1) Chemical
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4) Organ
5) Body system
Chemical Level - ANSWER✔✔-individual atoms; building blocks that make life possible
-oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen = 96-99% of the body
Cellular Level - ANSWER✔✔-a cell; the fundamental unit of structure and function (many atoms bind
together to form a cell)
Tissue Level - ANSWER✔✔-cells of similar structure and function combine to form tissues
Four Types of Tissues - ANSWER✔✔-1) Muscle
2) Nervous
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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
3) Epithelial
4) Connective
Muscle Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-cells specialized for contracting; generate tension to produce movement
Types of Muscle Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-1) Skeletal
2) Cardiac
3) Smooth
Nervous Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-Specialize in initializing and transmitting electrical signals over long
distance
- Communication, Coordination, & Control
- Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral nerves, special senses
Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-Specialized for exchanging materials between cells and environment;
Organized into Epithelial Sheets & Secretory Glands
Functions of Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-1) Protection - boundaries from external environment; skin
& body openings
2) Absorption - Large intestine & small intestine
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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
BIO 270 Exam 1 Hynd Study Guide
Solutions
Physiology - ANSWER✔✔-the processes enabling cells, tissues, systems, and organisms to function
Homeostasis - ANSWER✔✔-the maintenance of a relatively stable living environment
- essential for survival and function of all cells
Function depends on - ANSWER✔✔-Structure
Extracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid environment in which cells live (fluid outside of the cells)
Two components of extracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-Plasma & Interstitial Fluid
Intracellular fluid - ANSWER✔✔-fluid contained within all cells
Cell Functions - ANSWER✔✔-1) Obtaining oxygen and nutrients from the environment
2) Performing energy-generating chemical reactions (food + O2 --> H2O + energy)
3) Eliminate waste (CO2)
4) Synthesize proteins
Page 1/27
, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
5) Moving material through the cell (RNA, proteins, messengers)
6) Responding to the environment
7) Reproducing
Levels of Organization - ANSWER✔✔-1) Chemical
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4) Organ
5) Body system
Chemical Level - ANSWER✔✔-individual atoms; building blocks that make life possible
-oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen = 96-99% of the body
Cellular Level - ANSWER✔✔-a cell; the fundamental unit of structure and function (many atoms bind
together to form a cell)
Tissue Level - ANSWER✔✔-cells of similar structure and function combine to form tissues
Four Types of Tissues - ANSWER✔✔-1) Muscle
2) Nervous
Page 2/27
, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
3) Epithelial
4) Connective
Muscle Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-cells specialized for contracting; generate tension to produce movement
Types of Muscle Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-1) Skeletal
2) Cardiac
3) Smooth
Nervous Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-Specialize in initializing and transmitting electrical signals over long
distance
- Communication, Coordination, & Control
- Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral nerves, special senses
Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-Specialized for exchanging materials between cells and environment;
Organized into Epithelial Sheets & Secretory Glands
Functions of Epithelial Tissue - ANSWER✔✔-1) Protection - boundaries from external environment; skin
& body openings
2) Absorption - Large intestine & small intestine
Page 3/27
