NUR 2349 Rasmussen Exam 1 Fall 2017
1. Safety hazards in a home
Answer
* Poisoning - medication, household chemicals, lead, cosmetics.
* Carbon monoxide poisoning - treatment- 100% humidified oxygen.
* Scalds and burns
* Fires
* Falls - age >65 at highest risk
* Firearms injuries
* Suffocation/Asphyxiation- drowning, choking, smoke/gas inhalation, children 0-4yrs at
highest risk.
* Take home toxins- pathogenic microorganisms, asbestos, lead, mercury, arsenic.
2. Safety hazards in hospital/care giving environment
Answer
Falls Equipment-related accidents
Fires/electrical hazards
Restraints
Side rails
Mercury poisoning
Infection
Spills
Back injury - poor body mechanics
Needle stick injury
Combative patients
Poor staffing
3. Preventing of harm to client and self
Answer
Wash hands! Complete fall risk assessment
,Follow hospitals policies and procedures
Check equipment regularly
Actually assess your patients
Proper body mechanics
Proper disposal of sharps
Radiationprecautions
Environmental Awareness
4. Prevention of choking
Answer
- Suffocation by smothering is the leading cause of death for infants younger than 1 year.
- Suffocation may be caused by drowning, choking, or inhaling gas or smoke.
- Beware of small foods with small children, including hot dogs, raw vegetables, popcorn, hard
candies, nuts, and grapes. They are responsible for most non-fatal choking.
- Nonfood items, such as latex balloons and plastic bags, cause the majority of suffocation
deaths in young children.
- Suffocation of infants is often related to bed or crib hazards, such as excess bedding or
pillows, or toys hung from long ribbons inside the infant's crib.
5. Fire Precautions
Answer
R.A.C.E Rescue
Alarm Contain Extinguish
6. Poisoning
Answer
Poisoning-household chemicals, lead, medicines, cosmetics. Prevention- cabinet locks, store
poisons high, keep poison control number available. Treatment depends on the poison ingested -
antidotes most often activated charcoal.
Do NOT induce vomiting for acidic material ingested
,7. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Answer
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless toxic gas. Exposure can cause
headaches, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; prolonged exposure leads to seizures, dysrhythmias,
unconsciousness, brain damage, and death.
- Do not use unconventional heating inside such as grill, or gas range
- Use of detectors and change batteries every 6 months.
8. Mercury Poisoning
Answer
Products containing mercury include thermometers, thermostats, batteries, fluorescent lightbulbs,
blood pressure devices, and electrical equipment and switches.
To prevent have yearly facility training and follow facility policy
9. Communication
Answer
- Educate patients
- Communicate specifics to tech
- Shift-to-shift report
- Use SBAR - specifically with physicians
- Use patient names - more specific
- Follow-up - if you say an hour, do it!
- Never walk past a call light
- Document accurately
10. Walker
Answer
, Handgrip at greater trochanter Elbow flexed 20-30 degree
Walker followed by affected side then unaffected side.
11. Cane
Answer
Handgrip at greater trochanter Elbow flexed 15-30 degree
Use on UNAFFECTED side
Place cane 4-6" to side stronger foot
Move cane and affected leg at same time when walking, then unaffected leg
12. Crutches
Answer
Arms/hands bear weight Up stairs=good first
Down stairs=bad first
When walking crutch goes 6-10" in front Crutches go to affected side when sitting
Pad 2 inches below axilla, 4 inches to side of heel Elbow flexed 20-30 degree when walking
13. Fall risks and prevention
Answer
Cognition, balance, gait, mobility, vision, peripheral neuropathy, awareness, medications.
Toddlers, elderly most at risk.
Bed to lowest point, only 2 guardrails left up, non-slip socks, remove throw rugs, remove clutter,
orient to room, make sure patient knows how to use canes/walk- ers/crutches, call light within
reach, prepare a fall assessment, clean, dry floors
1. Safety hazards in a home
Answer
* Poisoning - medication, household chemicals, lead, cosmetics.
* Carbon monoxide poisoning - treatment- 100% humidified oxygen.
* Scalds and burns
* Fires
* Falls - age >65 at highest risk
* Firearms injuries
* Suffocation/Asphyxiation- drowning, choking, smoke/gas inhalation, children 0-4yrs at
highest risk.
* Take home toxins- pathogenic microorganisms, asbestos, lead, mercury, arsenic.
2. Safety hazards in hospital/care giving environment
Answer
Falls Equipment-related accidents
Fires/electrical hazards
Restraints
Side rails
Mercury poisoning
Infection
Spills
Back injury - poor body mechanics
Needle stick injury
Combative patients
Poor staffing
3. Preventing of harm to client and self
Answer
Wash hands! Complete fall risk assessment
,Follow hospitals policies and procedures
Check equipment regularly
Actually assess your patients
Proper body mechanics
Proper disposal of sharps
Radiationprecautions
Environmental Awareness
4. Prevention of choking
Answer
- Suffocation by smothering is the leading cause of death for infants younger than 1 year.
- Suffocation may be caused by drowning, choking, or inhaling gas or smoke.
- Beware of small foods with small children, including hot dogs, raw vegetables, popcorn, hard
candies, nuts, and grapes. They are responsible for most non-fatal choking.
- Nonfood items, such as latex balloons and plastic bags, cause the majority of suffocation
deaths in young children.
- Suffocation of infants is often related to bed or crib hazards, such as excess bedding or
pillows, or toys hung from long ribbons inside the infant's crib.
5. Fire Precautions
Answer
R.A.C.E Rescue
Alarm Contain Extinguish
6. Poisoning
Answer
Poisoning-household chemicals, lead, medicines, cosmetics. Prevention- cabinet locks, store
poisons high, keep poison control number available. Treatment depends on the poison ingested -
antidotes most often activated charcoal.
Do NOT induce vomiting for acidic material ingested
,7. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Answer
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, tasteless, odorless toxic gas. Exposure can cause
headaches, weakness, nausea, and vomiting; prolonged exposure leads to seizures, dysrhythmias,
unconsciousness, brain damage, and death.
- Do not use unconventional heating inside such as grill, or gas range
- Use of detectors and change batteries every 6 months.
8. Mercury Poisoning
Answer
Products containing mercury include thermometers, thermostats, batteries, fluorescent lightbulbs,
blood pressure devices, and electrical equipment and switches.
To prevent have yearly facility training and follow facility policy
9. Communication
Answer
- Educate patients
- Communicate specifics to tech
- Shift-to-shift report
- Use SBAR - specifically with physicians
- Use patient names - more specific
- Follow-up - if you say an hour, do it!
- Never walk past a call light
- Document accurately
10. Walker
Answer
, Handgrip at greater trochanter Elbow flexed 20-30 degree
Walker followed by affected side then unaffected side.
11. Cane
Answer
Handgrip at greater trochanter Elbow flexed 15-30 degree
Use on UNAFFECTED side
Place cane 4-6" to side stronger foot
Move cane and affected leg at same time when walking, then unaffected leg
12. Crutches
Answer
Arms/hands bear weight Up stairs=good first
Down stairs=bad first
When walking crutch goes 6-10" in front Crutches go to affected side when sitting
Pad 2 inches below axilla, 4 inches to side of heel Elbow flexed 20-30 degree when walking
13. Fall risks and prevention
Answer
Cognition, balance, gait, mobility, vision, peripheral neuropathy, awareness, medications.
Toddlers, elderly most at risk.
Bed to lowest point, only 2 guardrails left up, non-slip socks, remove throw rugs, remove clutter,
orient to room, make sure patient knows how to use canes/walk- ers/crutches, call light within
reach, prepare a fall assessment, clean, dry floors
