Autism Spectrum Disorder Test 1 Exam
Questions with Complete Solutions
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - Answer-›International
classification systems published by the American Psychiatric Association.
›5th edition published in 2013
›The main focus of the revision of DSM-IV that led to DSM-V was the autism spectrum
disorder
In the DSM-III and IV, there were 5 distinct disorder under pervasive developmental
disorders: - Answer--Autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, Rhett's disorder, childhood
disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not other-wised specified
(PDD-NOS)
-In the DSM-V, it used one diagnosis category: autism spectrum disorder - Answer-›Use
a level of severity instead for social communication and restricted interests and
repetitive behaviors
›Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across communication
(deficits in all 3) - Answer--Social-emotional reciprocity
-Nonverbal communicative behaviors
-Developing and maintaining relationships
-Symptoms must be present in childhood
-Symptoms must limit and impair everyday functioning
›Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities (deficits in at least 2)
- Answer--Stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movements, or object use
-Excessive adherence to routines or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior
-Highly restricted, fixated interest
-Hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory stimuli
-Symptoms must be present in childhood
-Symptoms must limit and impair everyday functioning
ICD-10 - Answer-›In the new 11th version, autism spectrum disorders will fall under
mental and behavioral disorders of intellectual developmental with or without:
-Intellectual development
-Functional language
-Loss of previously acquired skills
IDEA - Answer-›In 1990, autism was added as a separate category of disability that may
require special education services in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
›To receive special education the child must:
-Have one or more disabilities from a list that includes autism
-Require special education and related services
, ›According to the IDEA, Autism is a developmental disability affecting verbal and
nonverbal communication and social interaction that adversely affects a child's
educational performance
›Other associated characteristics with autism: repetitive activities, stereotyped
movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and
unusual responses to sensory experiences.
Prevalence - Answer-›Regression of skills such as language occurs in 1 in 4 children
diagnosed with ASD
›The average percentage of individuals with ASD that have a co-occuring intellectual
disability is 65%
›prevalence of ASD in the United States to be 1 in 68
›Gender ratio: 4 or 5 boys to 1 girl
›White children were 1.2x more likely to be identified with ASD than black children and
1.5x more likely than Hispanic children
›Why is there an increase in prevalence rates?
-Possible contributing factors: - Answer-1.An increased awareness by the public and by
physicians and psychologists who make the diagnosis
2.The broadening of the classification to include pervasive developmental disorder that
requires minimum criteria for classification
3.Different methods for case findings
4.Service availability
History of what causes Autism - Answer-›In 1943, the psychiatrist, Kanner, called the
disorder "infantile autism".
›In 1950s the psychiatrist, Bruno Bettelheim, attributed the symptoms of autism to
uncaring and detached mothers who did not love their children enough.
›In 1964, Bernard Rimland published a book that attributed the cause of autism to
biological issues
What causes Autism? - Answer-currently considered a neurological disorder, influenced
by both environmental and genetic factors, however, the exact cause of ASD is
unknown
Genetic factors of Autism - Answer-›Research clearly indicates ASD as a genetic
component, but no specific single gene has been identified as a cause in every case
›Various autistic characteristics are associated with varying locations of genetic
differences
-i.e. 7q region impacts the development of the frontal, pariental, and temporal lobes,
which are all associated with significant functioning in autism
Autism, Genetics, Twins - Answer-›The first evidence of a genetic component to ASD
was found in a series of twin studies across several countries that had similar
outcomes. When one twin in a pair of identical twins was diagnosed with ASD, the
chances of the second twin having ASD is very high.
Questions with Complete Solutions
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) - Answer-›International
classification systems published by the American Psychiatric Association.
›5th edition published in 2013
›The main focus of the revision of DSM-IV that led to DSM-V was the autism spectrum
disorder
In the DSM-III and IV, there were 5 distinct disorder under pervasive developmental
disorders: - Answer--Autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, Rhett's disorder, childhood
disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not other-wised specified
(PDD-NOS)
-In the DSM-V, it used one diagnosis category: autism spectrum disorder - Answer-›Use
a level of severity instead for social communication and restricted interests and
repetitive behaviors
›Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across communication
(deficits in all 3) - Answer--Social-emotional reciprocity
-Nonverbal communicative behaviors
-Developing and maintaining relationships
-Symptoms must be present in childhood
-Symptoms must limit and impair everyday functioning
›Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities (deficits in at least 2)
- Answer--Stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movements, or object use
-Excessive adherence to routines or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior
-Highly restricted, fixated interest
-Hyper or hyporeactivity to sensory stimuli
-Symptoms must be present in childhood
-Symptoms must limit and impair everyday functioning
ICD-10 - Answer-›In the new 11th version, autism spectrum disorders will fall under
mental and behavioral disorders of intellectual developmental with or without:
-Intellectual development
-Functional language
-Loss of previously acquired skills
IDEA - Answer-›In 1990, autism was added as a separate category of disability that may
require special education services in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
›To receive special education the child must:
-Have one or more disabilities from a list that includes autism
-Require special education and related services
, ›According to the IDEA, Autism is a developmental disability affecting verbal and
nonverbal communication and social interaction that adversely affects a child's
educational performance
›Other associated characteristics with autism: repetitive activities, stereotyped
movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and
unusual responses to sensory experiences.
Prevalence - Answer-›Regression of skills such as language occurs in 1 in 4 children
diagnosed with ASD
›The average percentage of individuals with ASD that have a co-occuring intellectual
disability is 65%
›prevalence of ASD in the United States to be 1 in 68
›Gender ratio: 4 or 5 boys to 1 girl
›White children were 1.2x more likely to be identified with ASD than black children and
1.5x more likely than Hispanic children
›Why is there an increase in prevalence rates?
-Possible contributing factors: - Answer-1.An increased awareness by the public and by
physicians and psychologists who make the diagnosis
2.The broadening of the classification to include pervasive developmental disorder that
requires minimum criteria for classification
3.Different methods for case findings
4.Service availability
History of what causes Autism - Answer-›In 1943, the psychiatrist, Kanner, called the
disorder "infantile autism".
›In 1950s the psychiatrist, Bruno Bettelheim, attributed the symptoms of autism to
uncaring and detached mothers who did not love their children enough.
›In 1964, Bernard Rimland published a book that attributed the cause of autism to
biological issues
What causes Autism? - Answer-currently considered a neurological disorder, influenced
by both environmental and genetic factors, however, the exact cause of ASD is
unknown
Genetic factors of Autism - Answer-›Research clearly indicates ASD as a genetic
component, but no specific single gene has been identified as a cause in every case
›Various autistic characteristics are associated with varying locations of genetic
differences
-i.e. 7q region impacts the development of the frontal, pariental, and temporal lobes,
which are all associated with significant functioning in autism
Autism, Genetics, Twins - Answer-›The first evidence of a genetic component to ASD
was found in a series of twin studies across several countries that had similar
outcomes. When one twin in a pair of identical twins was diagnosed with ASD, the
chances of the second twin having ASD is very high.
