PY101 Final Exam
Chris believes that anyone who listens to pop music is an idiot. One day,
Chris realizes that the song he is dancing and singing along with on the radio
is the newest pop music hit. Chris now decides that listening to pop music is
not so bad after all. Chris's attitude change is best explained by
Select one:
a. attitude accessibility.
b. cognitive dissonance.
c. implicit attitudes.
d. elaboration likelihood. - correct answer ✔b. cognitive dissonance.
An advantage of the prototype model in describing how we think about
concepts is that
Select one:
a. it organizes concepts hierarchically.
b. a different prototype can be chosen for different reasons.
c. it allows for flexibility in letting unusual concepts be included in a category.
d. all examples of concepts are equally important. - correct answer ✔c. it
allows for flexibility in letting unusual concepts be included in a category.
Talisa is writing a paper on critical thinking. She wants to explain how critical
thinking differs from everyday thinking. Accordingly, which sentence is Talisa
most likely to include in her paper about the differences between critical
thinking and everyday thinking?
a. Critical thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make
reasonable conclusions.
b. Everyday thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make
reasonable conclusions.
,c. Critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence
for making conclusions.
d. Critical thinking and everyday thinking often result in the same conclusions.
- correct answer ✔a. Critical thinking evaluates information and scientific
research to make reasonable conclusions.
In the nature/nurture debate, the term "nature" refers to the question of how
_____ factors affect the mind, brain, and behavior.
a. biological
b. environmental
c. either biological or environmental
d. conscious or unconscious - correct answer ✔a. biological
When determining whether a research project is ethical, researchers and the
IRB consider the ______ as part of the mandate to protect participants from
harm. - correct answer ✔risk/benefit ratio
"Should people have access to data collected in an experiment?" This
question is associated with the ethical issue of
a. deception.
b. informed consent.
c. privacy.
d. confidentiality. - correct answer ✔d. confidentiality.
Because psychologists generally use college students as research
participants, the research does NOT involve
a. random sampling.
b. convenience sampling.
c. confounds.
,d. random assignment. - correct answer ✔a. random sampling
George is looking for a research project. To get started, he could make use of
an existing theory because
a. theories are shown to be true, so subsequent research is successful.
b. one of the benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses.
c. a theory can be successfully replicated by researchers.
d. theories lead to successful research. - correct answer ✔b. one of the
benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses
An extensive study of a single person or a few people is characteristic of
a. a self-report.
b. a case study.
c. the scientific method.
d. an experiment. - correct answer ✔b. a case study.
In order to maximize the likelihood that experimental and control groups are
similar before any treatment has begun, researchers typically use
a. descriptive statistics.
b. random assignment.
c. sampling.
d. observational studies. - correct answer ✔b. random assignment.
If a researcher wants to be able to generalize about a population using data
pulled from a sample, it is best to use
a. a convenience sample.
b. experience sampling.
, c. a descriptive study.
d. a random sample. - correct answer ✔d. a random sample.
Dr. Redbull conducts a study to determine whether her new energy drink
helps children perform better on spelling tests. She randomly assigns children
to one of two groups: Group 1 receives her energy drink and Group 2 receives
water. She then gives both groups a spelling test and compares the results.
Which of the following is true about this study?
a. Group 1 is the dependent variable and Group 2 is the independent variable.
b. The independent variable is the type of drink the children receive.
c. Group 2 is the experimental group.
d. This is a correlational study. - correct answer ✔b. The independent
variable is the type of drink the children receive.
Investigators who are interested in studying attitudes and would like to gain a
lot of information very quickly are likely to use
a. a case study.
b. an experiment.
c. observation.
d. self-reports. - correct answer ✔d. self-reports.
In correlational studies, it is always possible that an unmeasured factor is
responsible for the relationship observed. This complication is known as
a. observer bias.
b. researcher bias.
c. the directionality problem.
d. the third variable problem - correct answer ✔d. the third variable problem
Chris believes that anyone who listens to pop music is an idiot. One day,
Chris realizes that the song he is dancing and singing along with on the radio
is the newest pop music hit. Chris now decides that listening to pop music is
not so bad after all. Chris's attitude change is best explained by
Select one:
a. attitude accessibility.
b. cognitive dissonance.
c. implicit attitudes.
d. elaboration likelihood. - correct answer ✔b. cognitive dissonance.
An advantage of the prototype model in describing how we think about
concepts is that
Select one:
a. it organizes concepts hierarchically.
b. a different prototype can be chosen for different reasons.
c. it allows for flexibility in letting unusual concepts be included in a category.
d. all examples of concepts are equally important. - correct answer ✔c. it
allows for flexibility in letting unusual concepts be included in a category.
Talisa is writing a paper on critical thinking. She wants to explain how critical
thinking differs from everyday thinking. Accordingly, which sentence is Talisa
most likely to include in her paper about the differences between critical
thinking and everyday thinking?
a. Critical thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make
reasonable conclusions.
b. Everyday thinking evaluates information and scientific research to make
reasonable conclusions.
,c. Critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence
for making conclusions.
d. Critical thinking and everyday thinking often result in the same conclusions.
- correct answer ✔a. Critical thinking evaluates information and scientific
research to make reasonable conclusions.
In the nature/nurture debate, the term "nature" refers to the question of how
_____ factors affect the mind, brain, and behavior.
a. biological
b. environmental
c. either biological or environmental
d. conscious or unconscious - correct answer ✔a. biological
When determining whether a research project is ethical, researchers and the
IRB consider the ______ as part of the mandate to protect participants from
harm. - correct answer ✔risk/benefit ratio
"Should people have access to data collected in an experiment?" This
question is associated with the ethical issue of
a. deception.
b. informed consent.
c. privacy.
d. confidentiality. - correct answer ✔d. confidentiality.
Because psychologists generally use college students as research
participants, the research does NOT involve
a. random sampling.
b. convenience sampling.
c. confounds.
,d. random assignment. - correct answer ✔a. random sampling
George is looking for a research project. To get started, he could make use of
an existing theory because
a. theories are shown to be true, so subsequent research is successful.
b. one of the benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses.
c. a theory can be successfully replicated by researchers.
d. theories lead to successful research. - correct answer ✔b. one of the
benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses
An extensive study of a single person or a few people is characteristic of
a. a self-report.
b. a case study.
c. the scientific method.
d. an experiment. - correct answer ✔b. a case study.
In order to maximize the likelihood that experimental and control groups are
similar before any treatment has begun, researchers typically use
a. descriptive statistics.
b. random assignment.
c. sampling.
d. observational studies. - correct answer ✔b. random assignment.
If a researcher wants to be able to generalize about a population using data
pulled from a sample, it is best to use
a. a convenience sample.
b. experience sampling.
, c. a descriptive study.
d. a random sample. - correct answer ✔d. a random sample.
Dr. Redbull conducts a study to determine whether her new energy drink
helps children perform better on spelling tests. She randomly assigns children
to one of two groups: Group 1 receives her energy drink and Group 2 receives
water. She then gives both groups a spelling test and compares the results.
Which of the following is true about this study?
a. Group 1 is the dependent variable and Group 2 is the independent variable.
b. The independent variable is the type of drink the children receive.
c. Group 2 is the experimental group.
d. This is a correlational study. - correct answer ✔b. The independent
variable is the type of drink the children receive.
Investigators who are interested in studying attitudes and would like to gain a
lot of information very quickly are likely to use
a. a case study.
b. an experiment.
c. observation.
d. self-reports. - correct answer ✔d. self-reports.
In correlational studies, it is always possible that an unmeasured factor is
responsible for the relationship observed. This complication is known as
a. observer bias.
b. researcher bias.
c. the directionality problem.
d. the third variable problem - correct answer ✔d. the third variable problem
