PY 101 EXAM 4
environment - correct answer ✔determines when or if one expression
happens-through epigenetic (non genetic) changes, genes become more or
less likely to be expresses
genetics - correct answer ✔account for 40-60% of variance in personality,
adopted siblings are no more similar in personality than random strangers
-each person experiences different circumstances=cause epigenetic
changes= makes the selection of certain genes different
-this makes it even more difficult to ID the influence of any specific gene -
correct answer ✔genetics vs environment conclusion?
personality - correct answer ✔the characteristic thoughts, emotional
responses, and behaviors that remain stable relatively over time and across
circumstances
-the influence of culture, learning, biology, and cognition on the development
of personalty traits - correct answer ✔what do personality psychologist
explore?
personality trait - correct answer ✔a characteristic, a dispositional tendency
to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances, tend to think that it
develops as you get older, bc babies do not have personality right away
temperament - correct answer ✔biologically based tendency to feel/act
certain ways, much broader than personality, related to personality, behaviors,
mental health in adulthood
,psychodynamic theory - correct answer ✔developed by Sigmund Freud
through his observations of his patients, a theory that says unconscious forces
(wishes, desires, hidden memories) determine behavior
bottom to top in development
1-ID
2-superego
3-ego - correct answer ✔what are the three structures of personality by
Sigmund Freud?
ID (unconscious) - correct answer ✔big bundle of needs that the mind
cannot easily retrieve i.e. hidden memories, operates according to the
pleasure principle (seek pleasure and avoid pain) which is powered by libido
(energy that promotes pleasure seeking)
superego (preconscious) - correct answer ✔content that is not currently in
awareness but could be brought to awareness-long term memory, developed
in childhood and is the internalization of societal and parental standards of
conduct
ego (conscious) - correct answer ✔thoughts that people are aware of, tries to
satisfy the wishes of the ID while being response to the dictates of the
superego (b/w both and conflicts=anxiety and and copes through defense
mechanisms like denial, repression, displacement etc.), operates according to
the reality principle (involves rational thought and problem solving)
-he believed that early childhood experiences have a major impact on
personality development
-children try to statistic libido through 3 erogenous zones (mouth, anus,
genitals)
oral stage
, anal stage
phallic stage
latency stage
genital stage - correct answer ✔what are Freud's psychosexual stages?
oral stage (18 months) - correct answer ✔infants seek pleasure through the
mouth through breast feeding, so come to associate pleasure through sucking
anal stage (2 to 3) - correct answer ✔toilet training (learning how to control
bowls), leads them to focus on anal
phallic stage (3 to 5) - correct answer ✔energy focused on the genitals, often
discover pleasure from rubbing their genitals
latency stage - correct answer ✔suppress urges/channel them into doing
work
genital stage - correct answer ✔attain mature attitudes about sexuality and
adulthood
behaviorist - correct answer ✔personality as learned responses via
conditioning and patterns of reinforcement from environment (BF Skinner)
cognitive - correct answer ✔personality arises from expectation about
rewards and values ascribed to different rewards (example-what people
believe about their ability to get rewards)
environment - correct answer ✔determines when or if one expression
happens-through epigenetic (non genetic) changes, genes become more or
less likely to be expresses
genetics - correct answer ✔account for 40-60% of variance in personality,
adopted siblings are no more similar in personality than random strangers
-each person experiences different circumstances=cause epigenetic
changes= makes the selection of certain genes different
-this makes it even more difficult to ID the influence of any specific gene -
correct answer ✔genetics vs environment conclusion?
personality - correct answer ✔the characteristic thoughts, emotional
responses, and behaviors that remain stable relatively over time and across
circumstances
-the influence of culture, learning, biology, and cognition on the development
of personalty traits - correct answer ✔what do personality psychologist
explore?
personality trait - correct answer ✔a characteristic, a dispositional tendency
to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances, tend to think that it
develops as you get older, bc babies do not have personality right away
temperament - correct answer ✔biologically based tendency to feel/act
certain ways, much broader than personality, related to personality, behaviors,
mental health in adulthood
,psychodynamic theory - correct answer ✔developed by Sigmund Freud
through his observations of his patients, a theory that says unconscious forces
(wishes, desires, hidden memories) determine behavior
bottom to top in development
1-ID
2-superego
3-ego - correct answer ✔what are the three structures of personality by
Sigmund Freud?
ID (unconscious) - correct answer ✔big bundle of needs that the mind
cannot easily retrieve i.e. hidden memories, operates according to the
pleasure principle (seek pleasure and avoid pain) which is powered by libido
(energy that promotes pleasure seeking)
superego (preconscious) - correct answer ✔content that is not currently in
awareness but could be brought to awareness-long term memory, developed
in childhood and is the internalization of societal and parental standards of
conduct
ego (conscious) - correct answer ✔thoughts that people are aware of, tries to
satisfy the wishes of the ID while being response to the dictates of the
superego (b/w both and conflicts=anxiety and and copes through defense
mechanisms like denial, repression, displacement etc.), operates according to
the reality principle (involves rational thought and problem solving)
-he believed that early childhood experiences have a major impact on
personality development
-children try to statistic libido through 3 erogenous zones (mouth, anus,
genitals)
oral stage
, anal stage
phallic stage
latency stage
genital stage - correct answer ✔what are Freud's psychosexual stages?
oral stage (18 months) - correct answer ✔infants seek pleasure through the
mouth through breast feeding, so come to associate pleasure through sucking
anal stage (2 to 3) - correct answer ✔toilet training (learning how to control
bowls), leads them to focus on anal
phallic stage (3 to 5) - correct answer ✔energy focused on the genitals, often
discover pleasure from rubbing their genitals
latency stage - correct answer ✔suppress urges/channel them into doing
work
genital stage - correct answer ✔attain mature attitudes about sexuality and
adulthood
behaviorist - correct answer ✔personality as learned responses via
conditioning and patterns of reinforcement from environment (BF Skinner)
cognitive - correct answer ✔personality arises from expectation about
rewards and values ascribed to different rewards (example-what people
believe about their ability to get rewards)
