Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
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Components of the urinary system Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Major functions of the kidneys -Regulation of body fluids, acid-base balance, electrolyte
balance
-Excretion of waste products and foreign chemicals
-Secretion of hormones (EPO)
-Maintaining blood pressure
Renal function is influenced heavily by blood volume, pressure, composition and
hormones from the adrenal and pituitary glands; *circulatory system is crucial*
What are the three major processes that lead to the formation of urine 1) Filtration
2) Reabsorption
3) Secretion
Filtration Occurs in the glomerulus; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system
, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
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Reabsorption Movement from filtrate to blood; filtered renal plasma is called
"ultrafiltrate"
Secretion Movement from blood to filtrate; removes unneeded foreign waste substances
not filtered by the glomerulus; mostly occurs in distal convoluted tubule
What is the functional unit of the kidney? nephron; about 1-1.5 million present in each
kidney
Function of the glomerulus Filtration of the blood/ filtration of water and dissolved
substances from the plasma
Function of the tubules Reabsorption of substances: glucose, NaCl, amino acids,
potassium, water, calcium, urea
Function of the Loop of Henle Recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine
Role of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -secreted by pituitary gland
, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
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-regulates the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule & collected tubule
What is tubular secretion? Movement from blood to filtrate
Filtration: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system -Maintains blood pressure of
the arterioles at a relatively constant rate by regulation of the *dilation of the afferent arteriole*
and *constriction of the efferent arteriole*
-Enzyme *renin* is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus
-Renin is released in response to decreased blood volume or decreased blood pressure (decreased
sodium)
What is the area of the nephron responsible for the secretion of renin? Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
Composition of glomerular ultrafiltrate Ultrafiltrate has no cells (RBCs/WBCs) and no
proteins. In comparison, plasma also does not have cells but DOES have proteins.
Renal threshold Maximum capacity of tubules to reabsorb
, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
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Glucose has a renal threshold of: 160-180 mg/dL
Active vs. passive reabsorption Active requires energy and passive does not require
energy
Reabsorption process Movement from filtrate to blood; epithelial cells lining the proximal
tubule provide a large surface area to help reabsorb >80% of the ultrafiltrate
Which substances are reabsorbed during the reabsorption process Glucose, NaCl, amino
acids, potassium, water, calcium, urea
Role of the kidney in ion secretion and acid-base balance H+ ions secreted, ammonium
ions secreted, sodium ions reabsorbed, bicarbonate reabsorbed/secreted
What is the countercurrent multiplier mechanism Mechanism that expends energy to
create a concentration gradient which enables water reabsorption to produce concentrated urine
Banks With Solutions
Components of the urinary system Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Major functions of the kidneys -Regulation of body fluids, acid-base balance, electrolyte
balance
-Excretion of waste products and foreign chemicals
-Secretion of hormones (EPO)
-Maintaining blood pressure
Renal function is influenced heavily by blood volume, pressure, composition and
hormones from the adrenal and pituitary glands; *circulatory system is crucial*
What are the three major processes that lead to the formation of urine 1) Filtration
2) Reabsorption
3) Secretion
Filtration Occurs in the glomerulus; renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system
, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
Banks With Solutions
Reabsorption Movement from filtrate to blood; filtered renal plasma is called
"ultrafiltrate"
Secretion Movement from blood to filtrate; removes unneeded foreign waste substances
not filtered by the glomerulus; mostly occurs in distal convoluted tubule
What is the functional unit of the kidney? nephron; about 1-1.5 million present in each
kidney
Function of the glomerulus Filtration of the blood/ filtration of water and dissolved
substances from the plasma
Function of the tubules Reabsorption of substances: glucose, NaCl, amino acids,
potassium, water, calcium, urea
Function of the Loop of Henle Recovery of water and sodium chloride from the urine
Role of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -secreted by pituitary gland
, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
Banks With Solutions
-regulates the reabsorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule & collected tubule
What is tubular secretion? Movement from blood to filtrate
Filtration: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone feedback system -Maintains blood pressure of
the arterioles at a relatively constant rate by regulation of the *dilation of the afferent arteriole*
and *constriction of the efferent arteriole*
-Enzyme *renin* is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus
-Renin is released in response to decreased blood volume or decreased blood pressure (decreased
sodium)
What is the area of the nephron responsible for the secretion of renin? Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
Composition of glomerular ultrafiltrate Ultrafiltrate has no cells (RBCs/WBCs) and no
proteins. In comparison, plasma also does not have cells but DOES have proteins.
Renal threshold Maximum capacity of tubules to reabsorb
, Urine & Body Fluid Analysis Exam 1 Test
Banks With Solutions
Glucose has a renal threshold of: 160-180 mg/dL
Active vs. passive reabsorption Active requires energy and passive does not require
energy
Reabsorption process Movement from filtrate to blood; epithelial cells lining the proximal
tubule provide a large surface area to help reabsorb >80% of the ultrafiltrate
Which substances are reabsorbed during the reabsorption process Glucose, NaCl, amino
acids, potassium, water, calcium, urea
Role of the kidney in ion secretion and acid-base balance H+ ions secreted, ammonium
ions secreted, sodium ions reabsorbed, bicarbonate reabsorbed/secreted
What is the countercurrent multiplier mechanism Mechanism that expends energy to
create a concentration gradient which enables water reabsorption to produce concentrated urine
