HESI Pharmacology Exit Exam/Latest
Update 2025
SE of vancomycin - CORRECT ANSWERS -thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome if
infused too rapidly: flushing or rash of upper body, dyspnea, itching, hypotension- can
be lethal
how long should IV vancomycin infuse? - CORRECT ANSWERS -greater than 60
minutes
what is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole? - CORRECT ANSWERS -it is a sulfonamide for
treatment of UTI. combination increases efficacy and inhibits metabolism of folic acid at
two different points
what is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole known for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -sulfa
allergy
nursing implications for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - CORRECT ANSWERS -
assess for rash due to potential for sevens Johnson syndrome
penicillin have a ____ to ____ - CORRECT ANSWERS -cross-sensitivity;
cephalosporins. they are structurally similar.
nursing considerations for penicillin - CORRECT ANSWERS -observe respiratory status
for first 30 minutes when administering for the first time. watch for anaphylaxis if allergic
to one or the other may have cross sensitivity
what can a nurse treat penicillin anaphylaxis with? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
epinephrine
nursing considerations for antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWERS -do not take for viral
illnesses. take entire prescription as ordered. don't take if not needed as it can produce
resistance.
what is ribavirin(copious) indicated for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antiviral for treatment
of hepatitis C that has failed other treatment
ribavirin(copious) SE - CORRECT ANSWERS -hemolytic anemia
what is ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (vimentin)? - CORRECT ANSWERS -broad
spectrum/extended spectrum penicillin
nursing considerations for ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (vimentin) - CORRECT ANSWERS -
do not administer in same infusion with aminoglycosides
,what is the indicated use for rifampin? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antitubercular for
treatment of TB
rifampin SE - CORRECT ANSWERS -turns: body fluids; tears, saliva, urine, soft
contacts red/orange/brown. (ADVISE PT THIS IS NORMAL). Teratogenic- may
decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; advise to use nonhormonal form of
conception throughout therapy. Hepatotoxicity
what labs need to be monitored with rifampin? - CORRECT ANSWERS -LFTs
what is the indicated use for isoniazid (INH) - CORRECT ANSWERS -TB
What is the indication for metoclopramide/Reglan? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Prevention
of chemotherapy-induced emesis and diabetic gastroparesis
Side effects of metoclopramide/Reglan - CORRECT ANSWERS -Drowsiness, EPS
such as tremors
Notify MD if what occurs when using metoclopramide/Reglan - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Tremors
What is the indication xenical (orlistat, Alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -For PTs with BMI
of 30+; LT weight control
SE of xenical (orlistat or alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -Oily stool and flatulence
Nursing implications for a pt on xenical (orlistat or alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -Ask pt
to describe dietary intake since SE are increased if greater than 30% of fat is in diet.
What can decrease side effects of xenical (orlistat or alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Fiber laxatives like Metamucil help decrease SE by binding to the fat.
Which type of fluids need plenty of water? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Bulk forming
laxatives
Why do you need plenty of fluids when taking bulk forming laxatives - CORRECT
ANSWERS -Because they can produce esophageal and or intestinal obstruction
Laxative use assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS -Last BM and characteristics,
abdominal pain, fever and obstruction. Assess dietary and fluid intake.
With laxative use the nurse should - CORRECT ANSWERS -Encourage fluids, fiber and
exercise as tolerated/indicated
, Laxative use and result in - CORRECT ANSWERS -Lack of bowel tone which can lead
to dependency
what is ondansetron (zofran) - CORRECT ANSWERS -antiemetic
What is ondansetron (zofran)used for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Prevention of N/V
associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Who should you use caution with when giving ondansetron/zofran? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -PTs with liver failure
Drugs for ulcerative colitis and crohns - CORRECT ANSWERS -5 aminosalicylates;
mesalamie, sulfasalazine.
How do 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) work? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
They decrease GI inflammation
Side effects of 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Nausea, rash, arthralgia, hematological disorders
Which drug can cause colitis/c.diff - CORRECT ANSWERS -Linezolid/zyvox
What kind of infection is c.diff - CORRECT ANSWERS -Suprainfection
What is azithromycin/zithromax? - CORRECT ANSWERS -An antibiotic
What does azithromycin/zithromax treat? - CORRECT ANSWERS -STDs such as:
gonorrhea and chlamydia
How much azithromycin/zithromax is usually required? - CORRECT ANSWERS -One
dose of 1g or 2g.
If a female pt has trichomonas (any STI) and is asymptomatic does the male need to be
tested? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Yes!
azithromycin/zithromax can cause what? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Hepatotoxicity-
elevated liver enzymes
What is nitrofurantoin/cipro used for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -An antibiotic for UTI
nitrofurantoin/cipro side effect - CORRECT ANSWERS -Hepatotoxicity, skin reactions,
neuropathy
nitrofurantoin/cipro nursing considerations - CORRECT ANSWERS -Give with milk or
meals check LFTs. Watch for numbness or tingling of extremities this can be an
irreversible peripheral neuropathy
Update 2025
SE of vancomycin - CORRECT ANSWERS -thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome if
infused too rapidly: flushing or rash of upper body, dyspnea, itching, hypotension- can
be lethal
how long should IV vancomycin infuse? - CORRECT ANSWERS -greater than 60
minutes
what is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole? - CORRECT ANSWERS -it is a sulfonamide for
treatment of UTI. combination increases efficacy and inhibits metabolism of folic acid at
two different points
what is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole known for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -sulfa
allergy
nursing implications for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - CORRECT ANSWERS -
assess for rash due to potential for sevens Johnson syndrome
penicillin have a ____ to ____ - CORRECT ANSWERS -cross-sensitivity;
cephalosporins. they are structurally similar.
nursing considerations for penicillin - CORRECT ANSWERS -observe respiratory status
for first 30 minutes when administering for the first time. watch for anaphylaxis if allergic
to one or the other may have cross sensitivity
what can a nurse treat penicillin anaphylaxis with? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
epinephrine
nursing considerations for antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWERS -do not take for viral
illnesses. take entire prescription as ordered. don't take if not needed as it can produce
resistance.
what is ribavirin(copious) indicated for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antiviral for treatment
of hepatitis C that has failed other treatment
ribavirin(copious) SE - CORRECT ANSWERS -hemolytic anemia
what is ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (vimentin)? - CORRECT ANSWERS -broad
spectrum/extended spectrum penicillin
nursing considerations for ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (vimentin) - CORRECT ANSWERS -
do not administer in same infusion with aminoglycosides
,what is the indicated use for rifampin? - CORRECT ANSWERS -antitubercular for
treatment of TB
rifampin SE - CORRECT ANSWERS -turns: body fluids; tears, saliva, urine, soft
contacts red/orange/brown. (ADVISE PT THIS IS NORMAL). Teratogenic- may
decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; advise to use nonhormonal form of
conception throughout therapy. Hepatotoxicity
what labs need to be monitored with rifampin? - CORRECT ANSWERS -LFTs
what is the indicated use for isoniazid (INH) - CORRECT ANSWERS -TB
What is the indication for metoclopramide/Reglan? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Prevention
of chemotherapy-induced emesis and diabetic gastroparesis
Side effects of metoclopramide/Reglan - CORRECT ANSWERS -Drowsiness, EPS
such as tremors
Notify MD if what occurs when using metoclopramide/Reglan - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Tremors
What is the indication xenical (orlistat, Alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -For PTs with BMI
of 30+; LT weight control
SE of xenical (orlistat or alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -Oily stool and flatulence
Nursing implications for a pt on xenical (orlistat or alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -Ask pt
to describe dietary intake since SE are increased if greater than 30% of fat is in diet.
What can decrease side effects of xenical (orlistat or alli) - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Fiber laxatives like Metamucil help decrease SE by binding to the fat.
Which type of fluids need plenty of water? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Bulk forming
laxatives
Why do you need plenty of fluids when taking bulk forming laxatives - CORRECT
ANSWERS -Because they can produce esophageal and or intestinal obstruction
Laxative use assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS -Last BM and characteristics,
abdominal pain, fever and obstruction. Assess dietary and fluid intake.
With laxative use the nurse should - CORRECT ANSWERS -Encourage fluids, fiber and
exercise as tolerated/indicated
, Laxative use and result in - CORRECT ANSWERS -Lack of bowel tone which can lead
to dependency
what is ondansetron (zofran) - CORRECT ANSWERS -antiemetic
What is ondansetron (zofran)used for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Prevention of N/V
associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Who should you use caution with when giving ondansetron/zofran? - CORRECT
ANSWERS -PTs with liver failure
Drugs for ulcerative colitis and crohns - CORRECT ANSWERS -5 aminosalicylates;
mesalamie, sulfasalazine.
How do 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) work? - CORRECT ANSWERS -
They decrease GI inflammation
Side effects of 5 aminosalicylates; (mesalamie, sulfasalazine) - CORRECT ANSWERS -
Nausea, rash, arthralgia, hematological disorders
Which drug can cause colitis/c.diff - CORRECT ANSWERS -Linezolid/zyvox
What kind of infection is c.diff - CORRECT ANSWERS -Suprainfection
What is azithromycin/zithromax? - CORRECT ANSWERS -An antibiotic
What does azithromycin/zithromax treat? - CORRECT ANSWERS -STDs such as:
gonorrhea and chlamydia
How much azithromycin/zithromax is usually required? - CORRECT ANSWERS -One
dose of 1g or 2g.
If a female pt has trichomonas (any STI) and is asymptomatic does the male need to be
tested? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Yes!
azithromycin/zithromax can cause what? - CORRECT ANSWERS -Hepatotoxicity-
elevated liver enzymes
What is nitrofurantoin/cipro used for? - CORRECT ANSWERS -An antibiotic for UTI
nitrofurantoin/cipro side effect - CORRECT ANSWERS -Hepatotoxicity, skin reactions,
neuropathy
nitrofurantoin/cipro nursing considerations - CORRECT ANSWERS -Give with milk or
meals check LFTs. Watch for numbness or tingling of extremities this can be an
irreversible peripheral neuropathy
