ATI TEAS Science Review 2024

Arrange units in increasing order of size of the distance they measure. Centimeter, decameter,hectometer,millimeter, kilometer - -millimeter is the smallest unit. A millimeter is equivalent to one one-thousandth of a meter. -centimeter is the next larger unit. A centimeter is equivalent to one one-hundredth of a meter. -decameter is the next larger unit. A decameter is equivalent to 10 meters -hectometer is the next larger unit. A hectometer is equivalent to one hundred meters -kilometer is the largest unit. A kilometer is equivalent to one thousand meters. Millimeter - one thousandth of a meter Centimeter - one hundredth of a meter Decameter - a length of ten meters. Hectometer - one hundred meters Kilometer - 1000 meters Which level of hierarchy does the cross section represent - the cross-section shows different types of tissues in a cross-section of the small intestines, which is a digestive organ. The formula for ph - ph=-log[h+] Which anatomical plane divides the body into inferior and superior portions? - transverse This plane divides the body into right and left halves - sagittal The median plane - the median, or midsagittal, plane is a type of sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves. Frontal plane - the frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. A student wants to study how friction affects the distance traveled by a marble on the surface. A marble was pushed on four different surfaces with the same force and the time taken for it to travel 1 meter was noted. What experimental term is used to define the condition of pushing the marble with the same force on all four surfaces. - experimental constant. A student wants to study how friction affects the distance traveled by a marble on the surface. A marble was pushed on four different surfaces with the same force and the time taken for it to travel 1 meter was noted. Which object is the independent variable. - the surface the marble is rolled on A student wants to study how friction affects the distance traveled by a marble on the surface. A marble was pushed on four different surfaces with the same force and the time taken for it to travel 1 meter was noted. Which object is the dependent variable. - the dependent variable is the factor that is influenced by the manipulated independent variable. The time taken for the marble to roll 1 m on each surface is the dependent variable Do viruses have ribosomes? - - no, viruses express and replicate genetic info within a host cell because they lack ribosomes to carry out protein synthesis Do bacteria have ribosomes - yes Do protists have ribosomes - yes Do fungi have ribosomes - yes Which hormone is released in response to a drop in blood pressure - -aldosterone retains salt in the kidneys and results in water retention, which increases blood volume and pressure. Melatonin - melatonin is a pineal gland hormone released in response to light deprivation and causes drowsiness. Somatostatin - somatostatin is produced by the anterior pituitary and suppresses growth hormone secretion from the thyroid. It does not respond to blood pressure changes. Oxytocin - oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary. It stimulates emotional bonding, lactation, and labor. It does not respond to blood pressure changes. Pivot joint - allows for rotation around the length of a bone, and only allows for rotation. Neck Hinge joint - joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one plane Plane joint - short slipping or gliding movements; i.e. Carpals Ball and socket joint - hip and shoulder joints A chlorine atom has 17 electron and 17 protons. It forms an ionic bond with sodium and gains a negative charge. What is true of the chloride ion? How many electrons and protons? - -it is an anion with 18 electrons and 17 protons -when a chlorine atom gains an electron, its negative charge increases by 1 and it is now called an anion. Which cell type confers waterproofing on the outer layers of the skin? - keratinocytes Keratinocytes - keratinocytes contain the protein keratin and are produced in the epidermis and migrate upward. The tight junctions between cells prevents water entry. They eventually form a layer of dead cells on the skin surface. Systemic circulation - -the branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins. -in systemic circulation, the left ventricle supplies oxygen-rich blood to the body, and the right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body. Which of the following hormones is produced in ovaries? Estrogen Vasopressin Prolactin Oxytocin - estrogen Where is vasopressin released from? - posterior pituitary gland Where is prolactin produced? - anterior pituitary gland Photosynthesis occurs in many and - prokaryotes, Where is oxytocin produced? - posterior pituitary gland Oxytocin - a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts. Prolactin - stimulates milk production Vasopressin - -antidiuretic hormone -hormone produced by the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and vasoconstriction of arterioles. Antidiuretic hormone (adh) - hormone produced by the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and vasoconstriction of arterioles. Melanocytes - melanocytes are pigment cells found in the epidermis of skin. They produce melanin, a pigment that absorbs uv light. Keratinocytes - keratinocytes contain the protein keratin and are produced in the epidermis and migrate upward. The tight junctions between cells prevents water entry. They eventually form a layer of dead cells on the skin surface. Merkel cells - merkel cells in the integument are mechanoreceptors and sense touch and pressure. Langerhans cells - langerhans cells are immune cells in the lower layers of the epidermis. They process material that enters through the skin. Which value represents "micro" - 10^-6 Which value represents "kilo" - 1000 Which value represents "milli" - 10^-3 Which value represents "deci" - 0.1 eukaryotes prokaryotes Eukaryotes.` Prokaryote - a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Eukaryote - a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Aerobic prokaryotes - carry out cellular respiration on infoldings of the plasma membrane Photosynthesis - process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches Oxidative respiration - the second stage of cellular respiration, which takes place in the mitochondria and requires oxygen Type of specialized antigen-processing cell that activates t-cells of the immune system? - dendritic cells Dendritic cells - dendritic cells process antigens and display them on surface receptors to helper t-cells of the immune system. Helper t-cells then activate cytotoxic t-cells and b-cells. Therefore, dendritic cells link the passive and active immune system. Plasma cells - plasma cells produce antibodies and are not involved in t-cell activation. Thrombocytes - thrombocytes, or platelets, function in coagulation and are not involved in t-cell activation. Eosinophils - eosinophils are a type of leukocyte and are not part of the adaptive immune system. The main function of bile juices? - -emulsifying fats -bile juices contain surfactants that aid in fat emulsification and increase surface area for its digestion by lipases from the small intestine and pancreas. Oxidative respiration occurs only in and ` - aerobic Proteins are digested by - proteases in the stomach and small intestine. Carbohydrates are digested by? - amylases in the mouth and small intestine. Lipase - enzyme that breaks down fat Protease - enzyme that digests protein Cytochrome p450 - the general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions. Amylase - enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches Circular muscle that regulates the opening and closing of a body aperture? - sphincter Fossa - fossa refers to depressions in bone or organs where other organs abut or reside. Fascia - a fascia is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle or nerve bundle. Sphincter - a sphincter is a circular muscle fascicle that opens and closes body apertures. There are several sphincters in the human body, including the anal sphincter and pyloric sphincter. Valve - -a flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward -valve is used for regulating openings but is typically a flap of tissue Acid reflux is a condition in which the gastric juices of the stomach flow backward and into the esophagus. What causes acid reflux? - -the cardiac sphincter does not close tightly. -acid reflux occurs when gastric juices, which otherwise stay inside the stomach, flow backward into the esophagus because the cardiac sphincter does not close tightly.