NUR 2205C Substance Addiction Notes

Chapter 19 Addiction Notes Videbeck 10/19/18

Many substances can be used and abused, some are legal and some are not
Substance Abuse: Using a drug that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite
negative consequences.
Abuse of more than one substance is termed POLYSUBSTANCE ABUSE
 Alcohol
 Sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics
 Stimulants
 Cannabis
 Opioids
 Hallucinogens
 Inhalants
 Designer drugs – club drugs, synthetic substances , most are amphetamine like
stimulants and some have hallucinogenic properties and may contain fillers or additives
some have street names such as bath salts, Special K, or X

FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
CLINICAL PICTURE IF FAS
BOX 24.2
CLINICAL PICTURE OF FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
 Microcephaly (head circumference <10th percentile)a
 Small palpebral (eyelid) fissuresa
 Abnormally small eyes
 Fetal growth restriction
 Maxillary hypoplasia (flattened or absent)
 Epicanthal folds (folds of skin of the upper eyelid over the eye)
 Thin upper lipa
 Missing vertical groove in median portion of upper lipa
 Short upturned nose
 Short birth length and low birthweight
 Joint and limb defects
 Small-for-gestational age
 Altered palmar crease pattern
 Prenatal or postnatal growth ≤10th percentilea
 Congenital cardiac defects (septal defects)
 Delayed fine and gross motor development
 Poor eye–hand coordination
 Clinically significant brain abnormalitiesa
 Mental retardation
 Narrow forehead
 Performance substantially below expected level in cognitive or developmental
functioning, executive or motor functioning, and attention or hyperactivity; social or
language skillsa
 Inadequate sucking reflex and poor appetite
a
Diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome requires the presence of three finding
1. Documentation of all three facial abnormalities

, 2. Documentation of growth deficits (height, weight, or both <10th percentile)
3. Documentation of CNS abnormalities (structural, neurologic, or functional)




HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020

Objective Nursing
Significance
Reduce the Counsel girls and women to
occurrence of fetal avoid alcohol use during
alcohol syndrome pregnancy. Participate in
(FAS) programs for at-risk groups,
including adolescents, about the
effects of substance abuse,
especially alcohol, during
pregnancy
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES SCHEDULE

Drug Classification Under the Controlled Substances Act
Schedule I Schedule II Schedule Schedule Schedule
Drugs Drugs III Drugs IV Drugs V Drugs

Opioids Opioids Opioids Opioids Opioids
Acetylmethadol Alfentanil Hydrocodone Pentazocine Diphenoxylate
Heroin Codeine syrup and Propoxyphen plus
Normethadone Fentanyl compounds e atropine
Many others Hydrocodone—pure Paregoric (Lomotil)
Hydromorphone Buprenorphine Cough syrups
(Dilaudid) and containing
Levorphanol compounds codeine
Meperidine (Subutex, Antidiarrheals
Methadone Suboxone, containing
Morphine Buprenex, opium or
Opium tincture Norspan, diphenoxyla
Oxycodone Butrans, te
Oxymorphone Temgesic)
Sufentanil
Tapentadol
(Nucynta)

Psychedelics Psychostimulants Stimulants Stimulants Others
Psychedelics Amphetamine Benzphetamin Diethylpropio Pregabalin
Bufotenin Amphetamine salts e n (Lyrica)