BA 300 - Final Exam Study with
complete solutions
Primary iifocus iiof iiUtilitarianism ii- iiAnswers ii-consequences ii(add iiperson)
-(Keeping iiboss's iisecret iiabout iilayoffs)
-Want iito iicome iiup iiwith iia iisolution iithat iiprovides iigreatest iigood iifor iiall.
Primary iifocus iiof iiRawls ii- iiAnswers ii-social iijustice
-Theory iiof iiJustice
-Favor iileast iiadvantaged
-Nothing iiis iipeoples iifault ii(natural iilottery)
-Can't iitake iicredit iifor iibeing iibetter.
Guy iiwants iito iibuy iia iicar iihe iican't iiafford ii---> ii(favor iileast iiadvantaged) ii- iiNot iihis
iifault iithat iihe iidoesn't iiknow iibetter. iiYou iican iitry iito iieducate iihim ii(buy iia iiused iicar,
iiit's iimore iiaffordable).
Primary iifocus iiof iiNozick iiRights iiTheory ii- iiAnswers ii-individual iirights ii
-Theory iiof iiRights
-Don't iilie, iiforce, iifraud.
Guy iiwants iito iibuy iia iicar iihe iican't iiafford ii---> iiSell iiit!
Primary iifocus iiof iiConsequentialist iitheories ii- iiAnswers ii-outcomes ii(add iiperson)
Primary iifocus iiof iiDeontological iitheories ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii-rights iiand iiduties ii(add
iiperson)
-Can't iikill iianyone.
-No iimatter iihow iibad iiconsequences iiare ii---> iiCan't iithrow iithe iiswitch.
Utilitarianism iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii--Replaces iipartiality iiwith iiscience.
Utilitarianism iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-a. iiIt iiis iinot iialways iiclear iiwhat iithe iioutcome
iiof iian iiaction iiwill iibe
b. iiIt iiis iivery iidifficult iito iiquantify iipleasures iifor iicost/benefit iianalysis ii
c. iiGood iimay iibe iiachieved iiunder iiconditions iithat iiare iiharmful iito iisome
d. iiIt iifails iito iiacknowledge iiany iiindividual iirights iithat iicould iinot iibe iiviolated iifor iithe
iisake iiof iithe iigreatest iigood
-Article: iiWhat iiis iiUtilitarianism?
-The iimeans iidon't iimatter.
Example
"The iiOnes iiwho iiWalk iiAway iifrom iiOmelas"
,Objectivism iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii--Reinforces iipersonal iiresponsibility
Objectivism iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii--Individualistic iiand iijudgmental
Example
-Motive iiCommunications
Objectivism iiDecision iiRule ii- iiAnswers ii--Be iirational iiand iibe iiall iithat iiyou iican iibe
Utilitarianism iiDecision iiRule ii- iiAnswers ii--Maximize iithe iicommon iigood.
d. iiAn iiaction iiis iiethical iiif iiit iiresults iiin iithe iigreatest iiutility iifor iithe iigreatest iinumber iiof
iistakeholders
Categorical iiImperative iiAdvantages ii(Kant) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Categorical iiImperative iiDisadvantages ii(Kant) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Categorical iiImperative iiDecision iiRule ii(Kant) ii- iiAnswers ii--focuses iion iiwhether iithe
iidecision iiwould iibe iimorally iiacceptable iiif iiit iiwere iiadopted iias iia iiuniversal iirule, iithat
iiis, iiif iieveryone iiresolved iithe iiethical iidilemma iiwe iiare iifacing iithat iiwe iiare iiconsidering
iiresolving iiit.
-a iidecision iibased iion iia iidetailed iianalysis iiof iiachieving iithe iigreatest iinet iibenefit iito
iithe iigreatest iinumber, iias iiin iiutilitarianism, iior iiany iiduty iito iiprinciple, iisuch iias iiin
iiRawls' iitheory iiof iijustice, iiwhich iifocuses iion iiwhether iithe iidecision iibenefits iithe iileast
iiadvantaged, iior iiKant's iicategorical iiimperative
Theory iiof iiJustice iiAdvantages ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Theory iiof iiJustice iiDisadvantages ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Theory iiof iiJustice iiDecision iiRule ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii--the iidecisionmaker iiacts
iiethically iiif iihe iior iishe iidischarges iitheir iiduty ii- iiregardless iiof iithe iiconsequences ii- iito
iiadvance iithe iiinterests iiof iithe iileast iiadvantaged.
Theory iiof iiRights iiAdvantages ii(Nozick) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Theory iiof iiRights iiDisadvantages ii(Nozick) ii- iiAnswers ii--it iilicenses iian iialmost
iicomplete iidisregard iifor iiothers iiwho iimay iihave iian iiinterest iiin iia iibusiness iior iia
iibusiness iidecision.
Theory iiof iiRights iiDecision iiRule ii(Nozick) ii- iiAnswers ii--Is iisimply iithat iibehavior iiis
iiethical iiif iiit iiis iifree iiof iiforce iiand iifraud.
-Nothing iimore iiis iirequired. ii
-It iihas iithe iibenefit iiof iigiving iithe iiethical iidecision-maker iivirtually iicomplete iifreedom
iiof iiaction iiwith iiminimal iigovernment iiintrusion iior iieven iiintrusion iifrom iithe iiinterests iiof
iianyone iielse iiwho iimay iiclaim iia iistake iiin iithe iiway iithe iidecision iiis iimade. ii
, -gives iithe iiethical iidecision-maker iiin iibusiness iimaximum iifreedom iito iiact iias iilong iias
iihe iior iishe iidoes iiwithout iiusing iifraud iior iiforce iito iigain iian iiadvantage iior iisecure iia
iicommitment.
Ethic iiof iiCare iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-e. iiA iicare iiapproach iihas iithe iiadvantage iiof
iiresponding iiin iia iiflexible iimanner iito iiharm
(video ii5)
Ethic iiof iiCare iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Ethic iiof iiCare iiDecision iiRule ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory ii- iiAnswers ii-Universal iiethical iiprinciples iior
iinorms iibased iion iithe iicollective iiviews iiof iimultiple iicultures iiand iisocieties iicombine iito
iiform iia iisocial iicontract iithat iiall iiindividuals iiin iiall iisituations iihave iia iiduty iito iiobserve.
iiWithin iithe iiboundaries iiof iithis iisocial iicontract, iilocal iicultures iior iigroups iican iispecify
iiother iiimpermissible iiactions; iihowever, iiuniversal iiethical iinorms iialways iitake
iiprecedence iiover iilocal iiethical iinorms
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory iiDecision iiTheory ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Virtue iiEthics iiAdvantages ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Virtue iiEthics ii(user iidefined) ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-A iiperspective iithat iigoes iibeyond
iithe iiconventional iirules iiof iisociety iiby iisuggesting iithat iiwhat iiis iimoral iimust iialso
iicome iifrom iiwhat iia iimature iiperson iiwith iigood ii"moral iicharacter" iiwould iideem iiright.
Virtue iiEthics ii(user iidefined) ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-An iiaction iiis iimorally iiright iiif iiand
iionly iiif iiit iiis iithe iiaction iithat iia iivirtuous iiperson ii(i.e., iisomeone iiwith iigood iicharacter
iitraits) iiwould iiperform iiin iithose iicircumstances
Virtue iiEthics iiDisadvantages ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Virtue iiEthics iiDecision iiRule ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii--focused iion iievaluating iithe
iisoundness iiof iiyour iicharacter iiunder iithe iistress iiof iian iiethical iidilemma.
-Unlike iithe iiother iisix iitheories iiwe iihave iiaddressed iiso iifar, iivirtue iiethics iidoes iinot
iifocus iion iiwhether iia iiparticular iidecision iiis iiethical iior iinot, iibut iion iiwhether iithe
iidecision-maker iiis iiethical iior iinot, iithrough iithe iiqualities iiof iicharacter iihe iior iishe iihas
iithat iiare iiused iito iimake iithe iidecision. iiVirtues iiare iiconsidered iiingrained iitraits, iibut
iitraits iithat iimay iibe iinurtured iiand iireinforced.
complete solutions
Primary iifocus iiof iiUtilitarianism ii- iiAnswers ii-consequences ii(add iiperson)
-(Keeping iiboss's iisecret iiabout iilayoffs)
-Want iito iicome iiup iiwith iia iisolution iithat iiprovides iigreatest iigood iifor iiall.
Primary iifocus iiof iiRawls ii- iiAnswers ii-social iijustice
-Theory iiof iiJustice
-Favor iileast iiadvantaged
-Nothing iiis iipeoples iifault ii(natural iilottery)
-Can't iitake iicredit iifor iibeing iibetter.
Guy iiwants iito iibuy iia iicar iihe iican't iiafford ii---> ii(favor iileast iiadvantaged) ii- iiNot iihis
iifault iithat iihe iidoesn't iiknow iibetter. iiYou iican iitry iito iieducate iihim ii(buy iia iiused iicar,
iiit's iimore iiaffordable).
Primary iifocus iiof iiNozick iiRights iiTheory ii- iiAnswers ii-individual iirights ii
-Theory iiof iiRights
-Don't iilie, iiforce, iifraud.
Guy iiwants iito iibuy iia iicar iihe iican't iiafford ii---> iiSell iiit!
Primary iifocus iiof iiConsequentialist iitheories ii- iiAnswers ii-outcomes ii(add iiperson)
Primary iifocus iiof iiDeontological iitheories ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii-rights iiand iiduties ii(add
iiperson)
-Can't iikill iianyone.
-No iimatter iihow iibad iiconsequences iiare ii---> iiCan't iithrow iithe iiswitch.
Utilitarianism iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii--Replaces iipartiality iiwith iiscience.
Utilitarianism iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-a. iiIt iiis iinot iialways iiclear iiwhat iithe iioutcome
iiof iian iiaction iiwill iibe
b. iiIt iiis iivery iidifficult iito iiquantify iipleasures iifor iicost/benefit iianalysis ii
c. iiGood iimay iibe iiachieved iiunder iiconditions iithat iiare iiharmful iito iisome
d. iiIt iifails iito iiacknowledge iiany iiindividual iirights iithat iicould iinot iibe iiviolated iifor iithe
iisake iiof iithe iigreatest iigood
-Article: iiWhat iiis iiUtilitarianism?
-The iimeans iidon't iimatter.
Example
"The iiOnes iiwho iiWalk iiAway iifrom iiOmelas"
,Objectivism iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii--Reinforces iipersonal iiresponsibility
Objectivism iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii--Individualistic iiand iijudgmental
Example
-Motive iiCommunications
Objectivism iiDecision iiRule ii- iiAnswers ii--Be iirational iiand iibe iiall iithat iiyou iican iibe
Utilitarianism iiDecision iiRule ii- iiAnswers ii--Maximize iithe iicommon iigood.
d. iiAn iiaction iiis iiethical iiif iiit iiresults iiin iithe iigreatest iiutility iifor iithe iigreatest iinumber iiof
iistakeholders
Categorical iiImperative iiAdvantages ii(Kant) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Categorical iiImperative iiDisadvantages ii(Kant) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Categorical iiImperative iiDecision iiRule ii(Kant) ii- iiAnswers ii--focuses iion iiwhether iithe
iidecision iiwould iibe iimorally iiacceptable iiif iiit iiwere iiadopted iias iia iiuniversal iirule, iithat
iiis, iiif iieveryone iiresolved iithe iiethical iidilemma iiwe iiare iifacing iithat iiwe iiare iiconsidering
iiresolving iiit.
-a iidecision iibased iion iia iidetailed iianalysis iiof iiachieving iithe iigreatest iinet iibenefit iito
iithe iigreatest iinumber, iias iiin iiutilitarianism, iior iiany iiduty iito iiprinciple, iisuch iias iiin
iiRawls' iitheory iiof iijustice, iiwhich iifocuses iion iiwhether iithe iidecision iibenefits iithe iileast
iiadvantaged, iior iiKant's iicategorical iiimperative
Theory iiof iiJustice iiAdvantages ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Theory iiof iiJustice iiDisadvantages ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Theory iiof iiJustice iiDecision iiRule ii(Rawls) ii- iiAnswers ii--the iidecisionmaker iiacts
iiethically iiif iihe iior iishe iidischarges iitheir iiduty ii- iiregardless iiof iithe iiconsequences ii- iito
iiadvance iithe iiinterests iiof iithe iileast iiadvantaged.
Theory iiof iiRights iiAdvantages ii(Nozick) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Theory iiof iiRights iiDisadvantages ii(Nozick) ii- iiAnswers ii--it iilicenses iian iialmost
iicomplete iidisregard iifor iiothers iiwho iimay iihave iian iiinterest iiin iia iibusiness iior iia
iibusiness iidecision.
Theory iiof iiRights iiDecision iiRule ii(Nozick) ii- iiAnswers ii--Is iisimply iithat iibehavior iiis
iiethical iiif iiit iiis iifree iiof iiforce iiand iifraud.
-Nothing iimore iiis iirequired. ii
-It iihas iithe iibenefit iiof iigiving iithe iiethical iidecision-maker iivirtually iicomplete iifreedom
iiof iiaction iiwith iiminimal iigovernment iiintrusion iior iieven iiintrusion iifrom iithe iiinterests iiof
iianyone iielse iiwho iimay iiclaim iia iistake iiin iithe iiway iithe iidecision iiis iimade. ii
, -gives iithe iiethical iidecision-maker iiin iibusiness iimaximum iifreedom iito iiact iias iilong iias
iihe iior iishe iidoes iiwithout iiusing iifraud iior iiforce iito iigain iian iiadvantage iior iisecure iia
iicommitment.
Ethic iiof iiCare iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-e. iiA iicare iiapproach iihas iithe iiadvantage iiof
iiresponding iiin iia iiflexible iimanner iito iiharm
(video ii5)
Ethic iiof iiCare iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Ethic iiof iiCare iiDecision iiRule ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory iiAdvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory iiDisadvantages ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory ii- iiAnswers ii-Universal iiethical iiprinciples iior
iinorms iibased iion iithe iicollective iiviews iiof iimultiple iicultures iiand iisocieties iicombine iito
iiform iia iisocial iicontract iithat iiall iiindividuals iiin iiall iisituations iihave iia iiduty iito iiobserve.
iiWithin iithe iiboundaries iiof iithis iisocial iicontract, iilocal iicultures iior iigroups iican iispecify
iiother iiimpermissible iiactions; iihowever, iiuniversal iiethical iinorms iialways iitake
iiprecedence iiover iilocal iiethical iinorms
Integrative iiSocial iiContracts iiTheory iiDecision iiTheory ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Virtue iiEthics iiAdvantages ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Virtue iiEthics ii(user iidefined) ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-A iiperspective iithat iigoes iibeyond
iithe iiconventional iirules iiof iisociety iiby iisuggesting iithat iiwhat iiis iimoral iimust iialso
iicome iifrom iiwhat iia iimature iiperson iiwith iigood ii"moral iicharacter" iiwould iideem iiright.
Virtue iiEthics ii(user iidefined) ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-An iiaction iiis iimorally iiright iiif iiand
iionly iiif iiit iiis iithe iiaction iithat iia iivirtuous iiperson ii(i.e., iisomeone iiwith iigood iicharacter
iitraits) iiwould iiperform iiin iithose iicircumstances
Virtue iiEthics iiDisadvantages ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii-...
Virtue iiEthics iiDecision iiRule ii(Aristotle) ii- iiAnswers ii--focused iion iievaluating iithe
iisoundness iiof iiyour iicharacter iiunder iithe iistress iiof iian iiethical iidilemma.
-Unlike iithe iiother iisix iitheories iiwe iihave iiaddressed iiso iifar, iivirtue iiethics iidoes iinot
iifocus iion iiwhether iia iiparticular iidecision iiis iiethical iior iinot, iibut iion iiwhether iithe
iidecision-maker iiis iiethical iior iinot, iithrough iithe iiqualities iiof iicharacter iihe iior iishe iihas
iithat iiare iiused iito iimake iithe iidecision. iiVirtues iiare iiconsidered iiingrained iitraits, iibut
iitraits iithat iimay iibe iinurtured iiand iireinforced.
