NURSING 400 FINAL EXAM COMBINED
STUDY GUIDES QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Dysphagia u- u✔✔inability uto uswallow uor udifficulty uin uswallowing
2 ukey upoints uabout uDysphagia u- u✔✔1. u30 umins uprior uto umeal utime, uthe upt uneeds
uto ube usitting uat u90 udegree uunless uits ucontraindicated
2. uMonitor ufor upossibility uof uaspiration
-s/s uof uaspiration
-Coughing
-Wheezing
-Redness uof uface
-Decrease uO2 usat
2 ukey upoints uabout uNasogastric uTube u- u✔✔Used ufor upt uwho usuffers ufrom
udysphagia u(difficulty uswallowing)
Residual uvolume umust ualways ube uchecked uq4h ud/t urisk ufor uaspiration u*** uif uthere
uis ua ularge uamount uof uresidual uvolume, uthat umeans upt uis unot udigesting uthe ufood u-
uinform uMD**
Nasogastric uTube uSupplies u- u✔✔Nasogastric utube
Irrigation utray u- u60 uml usyringe
A ubottle uof usterile uwater
lubricant
NGT uinsertion u- u✔✔1. uMeasure uthe utube ufrom uthe unose uto uthe uback uof uthe uear
uand udown ua ulittle upass uthe ubottom uof uthe uxiphoid uprocess
2. uMark uthe utube u(sharpie)
3. uHave uthe upatient uswallow uwhile uinserting uthe utube u(with uor uwithout uice uchips)
NGT uplacement u- u✔✔1. uOnce uthe uNGT uis uinserted, uaspirate u30 umL uof uair
,2. uPlace uthe ustethoscope uover uthe ustomach uand ulisten uto uthe u"wooooosh" usound
uas uyou uinject uthe uair
3. uIf unecessary, uget uan uorder ufor ux uray ufor uproper uplacement.
NGT umedication uadministration u- u✔✔1. uCheck uif upt uis uon uany ufluid urestrictions
2. uCheck ugastric uresidual uand uput uit uback uafter.
3. uMake usure uto ukink uthe utube uso uthat uair uwon't ugo uin uthe utube u(air ucauses
ubloating)
4. uCrush umedication uand umix uwith uwater uuntil udiluted uand upoured uin uthe usyringe.
u[except uenteric ucoated uor uwith ugranules u(Protonix)]
5. uFlush u5-10 umL uin ubetween umedications
6. uFlush u30 umL uafter uall umedication uhas ubeen uadministered
NGT uremoval u- u✔✔1. uNeeds ua udoctor's uorder
2. uFlush uwith u10 umL uwater/NS uor u30-50 umL uof uair
3. uHave upt utake ua udeep ubreath uwhile uremoving uthe utube uquickly
7 uRules uabout uBody umechanics u- u✔✔-Always ubend uthe uknee uand uhave ua uwide
ubase ufor usupport
-Always upoint uyour utoes uto uthe udirection uyou're ugoing
-When utransferring ua upatient uto ua uchair uor uwheelchair, uhave uthem uhold uon uto
uyour ushoulders uand uhave uyour udominant ufoot uin ubetween utheir ulegs.
-Always ucount u(1-2-3) uout uloud uand utell uthem uhow uto uposition uor umove
themselves.
a. uIf uthe upatient uis uweaker uon uone uside, uhave uthem uput utheir uweight uon uthe
ustronger uside ubefore ustanding uup.
b. uTurn uyour uentire ubody urather uthan upivoting uto uavoid uhurting uyour uback
-When ure upositioning uthe upatient, uyou uhas ualways umake usure uto uavoid uhurting
uyour uwrists
-Make usure uthe ubed uis uat uyour uhip ulevel. u
,-If uthe upatient uis utoo uheavy, uask ufor uhelp.
How udo uwe umeasure usyringe ugauge usizes? u- u✔✔THE uSMALLER uTHE uNUMBER,
uTHE uBIGGER uTHE uDIAMETER u(GAUGE) uOF uNEEDLE
IV usite uinspection u- u✔✔look uatthe uIV ucatheter uinsertion usite ufor uredness, uswelling,
uor ubruising. uRedness ucan uindicate uirritation, uinflammation, uinfection, uor uthrombus
uformation. u... uAssess uthe ucondition uof uthe utransparent ucatheter udressing. uThe
udressing ushould ube uclean, udry, uand uadhere usecurely uto uthe uskin uaround uthe uIV
ucatheter uinsertion usite
Intravenous usites u- u✔✔-Common usites:
Dorsal uarea uof uthe uhands
Forearm
-Antecubital uFossa
Uncommon usites
Dorsal uarea uof ufeet u(needs uan uorder)
Cephalic u(infants)
Intravenous usyringe ulength u- u✔✔Neonate uand uInfants:
19 umm u(<1 uinch)
Child uand uOlder uAdult:
1 uinch
Adults:
1-1 u¼ uinches
Intravenous uguages u- u✔✔Neonate uand uInfants:
24-26 uG
Child uand uOlder uAdults:
22 uG
Adults:
18, u20, uand u22 uG
Intravenous uangle u- u✔✔*** uAngle udepends uupon uwhere uthe uIV uinsertion usite uis.
(8) uRights uof uadministration u- u✔✔1. uRight uPatient
2. uRight uMedication
3. uRight uDose
4. uRight uRoute
5. uRight uTime
6. uRight uReason
, 7. uRight uResponse
8. uRight uDocumentation
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Intradermal u- u✔✔1. uMedication uis uinjected uin uthe udermis u(just ubelow uthe
uepidermis)
2. uMust uform ua u"wheal"
3. uLongest uabsorption utime ufor uparenteral uroutes
4. uDosage uis uusually uless uthan u0.5mL
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Subcutaneuos u- u✔✔1. uInjected uin uthe uadipose utissue
2. uAbsorption uis uslow uto uthe ucapillaries
3. uDosage uis uusually uno umore uthan u1mL
4. uInject uslowly uso umedication ucan udisperse u(10 usec/ u1 umL)
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Intramuscular u- u✔✔Injected uin uthe umuscle
Faster uonset uthan uintradermal uand usubQ
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Intravenous u- u✔✔Injected uin uthe uvein
Fastest uabsorption uwhich ualso umeans ufastest ureaction uto umedication
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration) u(7)
Transdermal u- u✔✔1. uApplied utopically uon uthe uskin uusing ua upatch uthat ucontains
umedication
2. uRemove uold upatch uand uwipe uof uremnants uof umedication
3. uClean uand udry uthe uarea
4. uApply upatch uon udifferent ulocation u(sites umust ube urotated uto uavoid uskin uirritation)
5. uIf uthe upt uis uhairy, utrim uthe uhair
6. uLabel uthe upatch uwith udate, utime, uand uyou uinitials
7. uMost ucommon upatch uused: uNitroglycerin u- ua uvasodilator uused uto uprevent
uangina u(chest upain) ufor upts uwith uCAD u(Coronary uArtery uDisease)
Urinary ucatheterization upreparation u- u✔✔Doctor's uorder uis uneeded ufor uall
ucatheterizations
STUDY GUIDES QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Dysphagia u- u✔✔inability uto uswallow uor udifficulty uin uswallowing
2 ukey upoints uabout uDysphagia u- u✔✔1. u30 umins uprior uto umeal utime, uthe upt uneeds
uto ube usitting uat u90 udegree uunless uits ucontraindicated
2. uMonitor ufor upossibility uof uaspiration
-s/s uof uaspiration
-Coughing
-Wheezing
-Redness uof uface
-Decrease uO2 usat
2 ukey upoints uabout uNasogastric uTube u- u✔✔Used ufor upt uwho usuffers ufrom
udysphagia u(difficulty uswallowing)
Residual uvolume umust ualways ube uchecked uq4h ud/t urisk ufor uaspiration u*** uif uthere
uis ua ularge uamount uof uresidual uvolume, uthat umeans upt uis unot udigesting uthe ufood u-
uinform uMD**
Nasogastric uTube uSupplies u- u✔✔Nasogastric utube
Irrigation utray u- u60 uml usyringe
A ubottle uof usterile uwater
lubricant
NGT uinsertion u- u✔✔1. uMeasure uthe utube ufrom uthe unose uto uthe uback uof uthe uear
uand udown ua ulittle upass uthe ubottom uof uthe uxiphoid uprocess
2. uMark uthe utube u(sharpie)
3. uHave uthe upatient uswallow uwhile uinserting uthe utube u(with uor uwithout uice uchips)
NGT uplacement u- u✔✔1. uOnce uthe uNGT uis uinserted, uaspirate u30 umL uof uair
,2. uPlace uthe ustethoscope uover uthe ustomach uand ulisten uto uthe u"wooooosh" usound
uas uyou uinject uthe uair
3. uIf unecessary, uget uan uorder ufor ux uray ufor uproper uplacement.
NGT umedication uadministration u- u✔✔1. uCheck uif upt uis uon uany ufluid urestrictions
2. uCheck ugastric uresidual uand uput uit uback uafter.
3. uMake usure uto ukink uthe utube uso uthat uair uwon't ugo uin uthe utube u(air ucauses
ubloating)
4. uCrush umedication uand umix uwith uwater uuntil udiluted uand upoured uin uthe usyringe.
u[except uenteric ucoated uor uwith ugranules u(Protonix)]
5. uFlush u5-10 umL uin ubetween umedications
6. uFlush u30 umL uafter uall umedication uhas ubeen uadministered
NGT uremoval u- u✔✔1. uNeeds ua udoctor's uorder
2. uFlush uwith u10 umL uwater/NS uor u30-50 umL uof uair
3. uHave upt utake ua udeep ubreath uwhile uremoving uthe utube uquickly
7 uRules uabout uBody umechanics u- u✔✔-Always ubend uthe uknee uand uhave ua uwide
ubase ufor usupport
-Always upoint uyour utoes uto uthe udirection uyou're ugoing
-When utransferring ua upatient uto ua uchair uor uwheelchair, uhave uthem uhold uon uto
uyour ushoulders uand uhave uyour udominant ufoot uin ubetween utheir ulegs.
-Always ucount u(1-2-3) uout uloud uand utell uthem uhow uto uposition uor umove
themselves.
a. uIf uthe upatient uis uweaker uon uone uside, uhave uthem uput utheir uweight uon uthe
ustronger uside ubefore ustanding uup.
b. uTurn uyour uentire ubody urather uthan upivoting uto uavoid uhurting uyour uback
-When ure upositioning uthe upatient, uyou uhas ualways umake usure uto uavoid uhurting
uyour uwrists
-Make usure uthe ubed uis uat uyour uhip ulevel. u
,-If uthe upatient uis utoo uheavy, uask ufor uhelp.
How udo uwe umeasure usyringe ugauge usizes? u- u✔✔THE uSMALLER uTHE uNUMBER,
uTHE uBIGGER uTHE uDIAMETER u(GAUGE) uOF uNEEDLE
IV usite uinspection u- u✔✔look uatthe uIV ucatheter uinsertion usite ufor uredness, uswelling,
uor ubruising. uRedness ucan uindicate uirritation, uinflammation, uinfection, uor uthrombus
uformation. u... uAssess uthe ucondition uof uthe utransparent ucatheter udressing. uThe
udressing ushould ube uclean, udry, uand uadhere usecurely uto uthe uskin uaround uthe uIV
ucatheter uinsertion usite
Intravenous usites u- u✔✔-Common usites:
Dorsal uarea uof uthe uhands
Forearm
-Antecubital uFossa
Uncommon usites
Dorsal uarea uof ufeet u(needs uan uorder)
Cephalic u(infants)
Intravenous usyringe ulength u- u✔✔Neonate uand uInfants:
19 umm u(<1 uinch)
Child uand uOlder uAdult:
1 uinch
Adults:
1-1 u¼ uinches
Intravenous uguages u- u✔✔Neonate uand uInfants:
24-26 uG
Child uand uOlder uAdults:
22 uG
Adults:
18, u20, uand u22 uG
Intravenous uangle u- u✔✔*** uAngle udepends uupon uwhere uthe uIV uinsertion usite uis.
(8) uRights uof uadministration u- u✔✔1. uRight uPatient
2. uRight uMedication
3. uRight uDose
4. uRight uRoute
5. uRight uTime
6. uRight uReason
, 7. uRight uResponse
8. uRight uDocumentation
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Intradermal u- u✔✔1. uMedication uis uinjected uin uthe udermis u(just ubelow uthe
uepidermis)
2. uMust uform ua u"wheal"
3. uLongest uabsorption utime ufor uparenteral uroutes
4. uDosage uis uusually uless uthan u0.5mL
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Subcutaneuos u- u✔✔1. uInjected uin uthe uadipose utissue
2. uAbsorption uis uslow uto uthe ucapillaries
3. uDosage uis uusually uno umore uthan u1mL
4. uInject uslowly uso umedication ucan udisperse u(10 usec/ u1 umL)
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Intramuscular u- u✔✔Injected uin uthe umuscle
Faster uonset uthan uintradermal uand usubQ
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration)
Intravenous u- u✔✔Injected uin uthe uvein
Fastest uabsorption uwhich ualso umeans ufastest ureaction uto umedication
(Parenteral uroutes uof umedication uadministration) u(7)
Transdermal u- u✔✔1. uApplied utopically uon uthe uskin uusing ua upatch uthat ucontains
umedication
2. uRemove uold upatch uand uwipe uof uremnants uof umedication
3. uClean uand udry uthe uarea
4. uApply upatch uon udifferent ulocation u(sites umust ube urotated uto uavoid uskin uirritation)
5. uIf uthe upt uis uhairy, utrim uthe uhair
6. uLabel uthe upatch uwith udate, utime, uand uyou uinitials
7. uMost ucommon upatch uused: uNitroglycerin u- ua uvasodilator uused uto uprevent
uangina u(chest upain) ufor upts uwith uCAD u(Coronary uArtery uDisease)
Urinary ucatheterization upreparation u- u✔✔Doctor's uorder uis uneeded ufor uall
ucatheterizations
