©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
EXAM II NU 116 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
three layers of the heart - Ans:✔✔-epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Four chambers of the heart - Ans:✔✔-right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
atrioventricular valves - Ans:✔✔-between atria and ventricles
tricuspid and mitral
semilunar valves - Ans:✔✔-aortic and pulmonic
coronary arteries - Ans:✔✔-supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium
Coronary Conduction System - Ans:✔✔-how the heart pumps//electrophysiology
cardiac hemodynamics - Ans:✔✔-describes the pumping forces or pressures required by the heart to
maintain blood flow throughout the cardiovascular system
systolic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.
Page 1/32
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
diastolic pressure - Ans:✔✔-occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the
walls of an artery
Arterioles - Ans:✔✔-small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
Venules - Ans:✔✔-small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
SA node - Ans:✔✔-pacemaker of the heart
AV node - Ans:✔✔-relays electrical impulses from atria into ventricles
Bundle of His - Ans:✔✔-a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the
atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
bundle branches - Ans:✔✔-branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the
interventricular septum
purkinje fibers - Ans:✔✔-fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles,
causing them to contract
characteristics of veins - Ans:✔✔-Thin walled, highly distensible, contain valves, deep, superficial &
perforating have 1 way valves
characteristics of arteries - Ans:✔✔-high pressure, narrow lumen, thick elastic muscular walls, blood
away from the heart
Page 2/32
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is the correct electrical pathway through the heart? - Ans:✔✔-SA node, AV node, bundle of His,
bundle branches (right & left), purkinje fibers
Contractility of the heart - Ans:✔✔-rate and strength of contraction, the ability of cardiac muscle to
shorten in response to electrical impulse
what causes increased heart contractility - Ans:✔✔-- catecholamines (norepinephrine, atropine)
- increase in SNS (fight or flight)
- certain meds
an increased contractility results in an increased ____________ - Ans:✔✔-stroke volume
stroke volume (SV) - Ans:✔✔-The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
what causes decreased contractility? - Ans:✔✔-- hypoxemia: low blood oxygen
- acidosis
- certain medication (dijoxin- slows heart rate and strengthens muscle)
how does blood loss affect contractility? - Ans:✔✔-the body compensates for volume loss by
increasing heart rate and contractility
Page 3/32
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
what is a cardiac cycle - Ans:✔✔-the events that occur in the heart from the beginnig of one heartbeat
to the next
the number of cardiac cycles depends on the ________ - Ans:✔✔-heart rate
each cardiac cycle has what threee major sequential events? - Ans:✔✔-- diastole: heart is at rest
between contractions
- atrial systole: the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles
- ventricular systole: the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the aorta & pulmonary trunk
period of diastole` - Ans:✔✔-heart is at rest between contraction
atrial systole - Ans:✔✔-the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles
ventricular systole - Ans:✔✔-the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the aorta & pulmonary trunk
isovolumetric contraction - Ans:✔✔-2nd phase of cardiac cycle; all valves are closed, ventricles are full
and pressure rises inside the ventricle. When ventricular pressure is greater than Aortic/Pulmonary
trunk pressure (~80 mmHg), the SLV valves will open.
how much blood is in the ventricle during isovolumetric contraction? - Ans:✔✔-130 mL
ventricular ejection - Ans:✔✔-3rd phase; SL valves open, blood leaves the ventricles rapidly at first,
the aorta reaches peak systole/contraction pressure of 80mmHg.
Page 4/32
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
EXAM II NU 116 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
three layers of the heart - Ans:✔✔-epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Four chambers of the heart - Ans:✔✔-right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
atrioventricular valves - Ans:✔✔-between atria and ventricles
tricuspid and mitral
semilunar valves - Ans:✔✔-aortic and pulmonic
coronary arteries - Ans:✔✔-supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium
Coronary Conduction System - Ans:✔✔-how the heart pumps//electrophysiology
cardiac hemodynamics - Ans:✔✔-describes the pumping forces or pressures required by the heart to
maintain blood flow throughout the cardiovascular system
systolic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.
Page 1/32
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
diastolic pressure - Ans:✔✔-occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the
walls of an artery
Arterioles - Ans:✔✔-small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
Venules - Ans:✔✔-small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
SA node - Ans:✔✔-pacemaker of the heart
AV node - Ans:✔✔-relays electrical impulses from atria into ventricles
Bundle of His - Ans:✔✔-a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the
atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
bundle branches - Ans:✔✔-branches of the AV bundle that divide to the right and left sides of the
interventricular septum
purkinje fibers - Ans:✔✔-fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles,
causing them to contract
characteristics of veins - Ans:✔✔-Thin walled, highly distensible, contain valves, deep, superficial &
perforating have 1 way valves
characteristics of arteries - Ans:✔✔-high pressure, narrow lumen, thick elastic muscular walls, blood
away from the heart
Page 2/32
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
What is the correct electrical pathway through the heart? - Ans:✔✔-SA node, AV node, bundle of His,
bundle branches (right & left), purkinje fibers
Contractility of the heart - Ans:✔✔-rate and strength of contraction, the ability of cardiac muscle to
shorten in response to electrical impulse
what causes increased heart contractility - Ans:✔✔-- catecholamines (norepinephrine, atropine)
- increase in SNS (fight or flight)
- certain meds
an increased contractility results in an increased ____________ - Ans:✔✔-stroke volume
stroke volume (SV) - Ans:✔✔-The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.
what causes decreased contractility? - Ans:✔✔-- hypoxemia: low blood oxygen
- acidosis
- certain medication (dijoxin- slows heart rate and strengthens muscle)
how does blood loss affect contractility? - Ans:✔✔-the body compensates for volume loss by
increasing heart rate and contractility
Page 3/32
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
what is a cardiac cycle - Ans:✔✔-the events that occur in the heart from the beginnig of one heartbeat
to the next
the number of cardiac cycles depends on the ________ - Ans:✔✔-heart rate
each cardiac cycle has what threee major sequential events? - Ans:✔✔-- diastole: heart is at rest
between contractions
- atrial systole: the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles
- ventricular systole: the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the aorta & pulmonary trunk
period of diastole` - Ans:✔✔-heart is at rest between contraction
atrial systole - Ans:✔✔-the atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles
ventricular systole - Ans:✔✔-the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the aorta & pulmonary trunk
isovolumetric contraction - Ans:✔✔-2nd phase of cardiac cycle; all valves are closed, ventricles are full
and pressure rises inside the ventricle. When ventricular pressure is greater than Aortic/Pulmonary
trunk pressure (~80 mmHg), the SLV valves will open.
how much blood is in the ventricle during isovolumetric contraction? - Ans:✔✔-130 mL
ventricular ejection - Ans:✔✔-3rd phase; SL valves open, blood leaves the ventricles rapidly at first,
the aorta reaches peak systole/contraction pressure of 80mmHg.
Page 4/32
