NURS 351 - Exam 4 questions correctly
answered already passed
What are the parts of neuronal structure? - correct answer ✔✔Dendrite, soma or cell body, axon, myelin
sheath
What are the possible directions of conduction for neuron? - correct answer ✔✔Afferent =sensory
Efferent =motor
How does the nervous system breakdown? - correct answer ✔✔
Covering of the brain - correct answer ✔✔bony skull, dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater
Cushionings of the brain - correct answer ✔✔Subdural space; subarchnoid space
What cushioning of the brain contains the CSF? - correct answer ✔✔Subarachnoid space
Parencimal unit of the nervous system - correct answer ✔✔neuron
What are the major nerve pathways of the spinal cord? - correct answer ✔✔Descending (motor)
pathway from the motor cortex down
Ascending (sensory) pathway: sensory cortex down spinal cord
Spinal Cord Pathway - correct answer ✔✔Descending (motor) pathway
Ascending (sensory) pathway
Sensory neurons
Dorsal root ganglion (sensory)
Ventral Root
,Motor neurons
What are the peripheral nerves and how many are there? - correct answer ✔✔8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5
Lumbar, 1 Coccygeal
Neurons within peripheral nervous system - correct answer ✔✔Sensory Neurons and Motor Neurons
Motor neurons are involved in what nervous systems - correct answer ✔✔Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS): SNS and PNS
Somatic Nervous system (voluntary)
Major (and only) source of fuel for nervous system - correct answer ✔✔Glucose (brain cannot use
anaerobic metabolism)
What does peripheral mean in terms of the nervous system? - correct answer ✔✔Anything that isn't the
head or neck
What are the types of afferent/sensory tracts? - correct answer ✔✔Anterolateral and posterior
What is the anterolateral afferent (sensory) tract responsible for?
What are the characteristics of this tract?
Where are the cells of this tract located? - correct answer ✔✔Pain, temperature, crud or light touch,
itch, tickle, sexual sensation
Small caliber axons; unmyelinated or lightly myelinated-->slow conduction
Cell bodies in contralateral dorsal horn
What is the posterior afferent (sensory) tract?
,What are the characteristics of this tract?
Where are the cells of this tract located? - correct answer ✔✔Position sense (can they feel toe being
touched), discriminative touch (what part is being touched), vibration sense, stereognosis (being able to
recognize based on touch), graphesthesia (can identify number written on back)
Larger caliber axons; heavily myelinated for fast conduction
Cell bodies in ipsilateral dorsal horn
What type of myelin sheath is involved with pain transmission? - correct answer ✔✔Thin (slower
conduction)
Action differences between Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System? - correct answer ✔✔Autonomic
system actions occur without you having to tell it to work; somatic nervous system actions are voluntary
Are artery or venous bleeding in the brain more dangerous? Why? - correct answer ✔✔Venous--
>because arterial bleeding shows fast and apparent signs; can be discharged with slow venous bleed
Where are the cell bodies for the efferent (motor) tracts located? Fibers? What do the synapses have? -
correct answer ✔✔Cell bodies in contralateral motor cortex; fibers cross in pyramidal decussation
(medulla), and synapses with ipsilateral interneurons
What produces the cerebrospinal fluid? - correct answer ✔✔Choroid plexus
Efferent (motor) tracts influence the activity of... - correct answer ✔✔lower motor neurons (LMNs);
voluntary control of muscle
If neurons do not cross spinal cord (same side), they are called...
If neurons do cross spinal cord (opposite side) they are called... - correct answer ✔✔Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Cell bodies that are contralateral in dorsal horn are part of what tract?
, What are their characteristics? - correct answer ✔✔Anterolateral afferent/sensory tract
Slow conduction; un- or lightly myelinated
Cell bodies that are ipsilateral in dorsal horn are part of what tract?
What are their characteristics? - correct answer ✔✔Posterior afferent/sensory tract
Fast conduction; heavily myelinated
What is stereognosis? What is graphesthesia? - correct answer ✔✔Being able to recognize object solely
based on touch; being able to recognize the number being drawn on back
What happens if there is stroke located before the medulla? After? - correct answer ✔✔Same side
effected
Opposite side effected (because nerves have crossed in medulla)
Right brain functions - correct answer ✔✔Insight, 3-D forms, Art awareness, imagination, music
awareness, left-hand control
Left brain functions - correct answer ✔✔Number skills, written language, reasoning, spoken language,
scientific skills, right-hand control
What cranial nerve is involved with the PNS? - correct answer ✔✔Vagus nerve (CN 10)
Mechanisms of injury to NS - correct answer ✔✔nHypoxic& ischemic injurynInjuryfrom excitatory amino
acidsnIncreasedvolume and pressurenBrainherniationnCerebraledemanHydrocephalus
Relationship between ischemia and hypoxia - correct answer ✔✔Can be hypoxic and not ischemic
CANNOT be ischemic and not hypoxic
Brain is what % of body weight? Received what % of cardiac output? Consumes what % of oxygen? -
correct answer ✔✔2%; >15%, 20%
answered already passed
What are the parts of neuronal structure? - correct answer ✔✔Dendrite, soma or cell body, axon, myelin
sheath
What are the possible directions of conduction for neuron? - correct answer ✔✔Afferent =sensory
Efferent =motor
How does the nervous system breakdown? - correct answer ✔✔
Covering of the brain - correct answer ✔✔bony skull, dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater
Cushionings of the brain - correct answer ✔✔Subdural space; subarchnoid space
What cushioning of the brain contains the CSF? - correct answer ✔✔Subarachnoid space
Parencimal unit of the nervous system - correct answer ✔✔neuron
What are the major nerve pathways of the spinal cord? - correct answer ✔✔Descending (motor)
pathway from the motor cortex down
Ascending (sensory) pathway: sensory cortex down spinal cord
Spinal Cord Pathway - correct answer ✔✔Descending (motor) pathway
Ascending (sensory) pathway
Sensory neurons
Dorsal root ganglion (sensory)
Ventral Root
,Motor neurons
What are the peripheral nerves and how many are there? - correct answer ✔✔8 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5
Lumbar, 1 Coccygeal
Neurons within peripheral nervous system - correct answer ✔✔Sensory Neurons and Motor Neurons
Motor neurons are involved in what nervous systems - correct answer ✔✔Autonomic Nervous System
(ANS): SNS and PNS
Somatic Nervous system (voluntary)
Major (and only) source of fuel for nervous system - correct answer ✔✔Glucose (brain cannot use
anaerobic metabolism)
What does peripheral mean in terms of the nervous system? - correct answer ✔✔Anything that isn't the
head or neck
What are the types of afferent/sensory tracts? - correct answer ✔✔Anterolateral and posterior
What is the anterolateral afferent (sensory) tract responsible for?
What are the characteristics of this tract?
Where are the cells of this tract located? - correct answer ✔✔Pain, temperature, crud or light touch,
itch, tickle, sexual sensation
Small caliber axons; unmyelinated or lightly myelinated-->slow conduction
Cell bodies in contralateral dorsal horn
What is the posterior afferent (sensory) tract?
,What are the characteristics of this tract?
Where are the cells of this tract located? - correct answer ✔✔Position sense (can they feel toe being
touched), discriminative touch (what part is being touched), vibration sense, stereognosis (being able to
recognize based on touch), graphesthesia (can identify number written on back)
Larger caliber axons; heavily myelinated for fast conduction
Cell bodies in ipsilateral dorsal horn
What type of myelin sheath is involved with pain transmission? - correct answer ✔✔Thin (slower
conduction)
Action differences between Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System? - correct answer ✔✔Autonomic
system actions occur without you having to tell it to work; somatic nervous system actions are voluntary
Are artery or venous bleeding in the brain more dangerous? Why? - correct answer ✔✔Venous--
>because arterial bleeding shows fast and apparent signs; can be discharged with slow venous bleed
Where are the cell bodies for the efferent (motor) tracts located? Fibers? What do the synapses have? -
correct answer ✔✔Cell bodies in contralateral motor cortex; fibers cross in pyramidal decussation
(medulla), and synapses with ipsilateral interneurons
What produces the cerebrospinal fluid? - correct answer ✔✔Choroid plexus
Efferent (motor) tracts influence the activity of... - correct answer ✔✔lower motor neurons (LMNs);
voluntary control of muscle
If neurons do not cross spinal cord (same side), they are called...
If neurons do cross spinal cord (opposite side) they are called... - correct answer ✔✔Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Cell bodies that are contralateral in dorsal horn are part of what tract?
, What are their characteristics? - correct answer ✔✔Anterolateral afferent/sensory tract
Slow conduction; un- or lightly myelinated
Cell bodies that are ipsilateral in dorsal horn are part of what tract?
What are their characteristics? - correct answer ✔✔Posterior afferent/sensory tract
Fast conduction; heavily myelinated
What is stereognosis? What is graphesthesia? - correct answer ✔✔Being able to recognize object solely
based on touch; being able to recognize the number being drawn on back
What happens if there is stroke located before the medulla? After? - correct answer ✔✔Same side
effected
Opposite side effected (because nerves have crossed in medulla)
Right brain functions - correct answer ✔✔Insight, 3-D forms, Art awareness, imagination, music
awareness, left-hand control
Left brain functions - correct answer ✔✔Number skills, written language, reasoning, spoken language,
scientific skills, right-hand control
What cranial nerve is involved with the PNS? - correct answer ✔✔Vagus nerve (CN 10)
Mechanisms of injury to NS - correct answer ✔✔nHypoxic& ischemic injurynInjuryfrom excitatory amino
acidsnIncreasedvolume and pressurenBrainherniationnCerebraledemanHydrocephalus
Relationship between ischemia and hypoxia - correct answer ✔✔Can be hypoxic and not ischemic
CANNOT be ischemic and not hypoxic
Brain is what % of body weight? Received what % of cardiac output? Consumes what % of oxygen? -
correct answer ✔✔2%; >15%, 20%
