NSG550/ NSG 550 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Diagnostic
Reasoning for Nurse Practitioners Review| Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
A comprehensive test used to diagnose sleep disorders that records your brain waves, the oxygen
level in your blood, heart rate, and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study.
Polysomnography
Indications for polysomnography
-Sleep apnea -Periodic limb movement disorder sometimes associated with restless legs syndrome. -
Narcolepsy -REM sleep behavior disorder. This sleep disorder involves acting out dreams as you sleep.
Unusual behaviors during sleep.: walking, moving around a lot or rhythmic movements, Unexplained
chronic insomnia
Microscopic study - Acid fast bacilli smear (AFB smear)
-diagnosis of tuberculosis *diagnosis cannot be made with the smear itself; TB cultures are required. -
productive cough, night sweats, fever, anorexia, weight loss, hemoptysis or abnormal CXR. -considered
in immunocompromised patients.
Microscopic study - Blood Culture and Sensitivity
.Used to determine the presence of bacteria in the blood
Microscopic study - Bone marrow biopsy
, -used in the evaluation of patients with hematologic diseases, to evaluate anemias, leukopenia, or
thrombocytopenia. -To assess abnormal iron stores -to diagnosis leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders,
and plasma cell dyscrasia.
Microscopic study - Fluid analysis
-pleural tap or thoracentesis: performed to determine the cause of unexplained pleural effusion. -to
relieve intrathoracic pressure that accumulates with a large volume of fluid and inhibits respiration. -
Evaluates cytology as well
What is a pulmonary embolism?
blood clot in the lungs. DVT puts a person at risk for a pulmonary embolism
Classic signs of a pulmonary embolism. Answer:
-Shortness of breath. This symptom typically appears suddenly and always gets worse with exertion. -
Chest pain. You may feel like you're having a heart attack. The pain is often sharp and felt when you
breathe in deeply, often stopping you from being able to take a deep breath. It can also be felt when
you cough, bend or stoop. -Cough
Risk factors for pulmonary embolism
Oral contraceptives, Obesity, Recent surgery or immobility, Heart disease, Covid 19 infection, Disorders
that affect clotting, Testosterone supplementation
Accurately classifying the severity of COPD is done by?
the assessment of airflow using spirometry
Spirometry results are based on two measurements:
Forced vital capacity (FVC). Forced expiratory volume (FEV-1).
Forced vital capacity (FVC).
the largest amount of air you can breathe out after breathing in as deeply as you can.
Forced expiratory volume (FEV-1).
shows how much air you can exhale from your lungs in 1 second.
Spirometry Grades
GOLD 1: Mild GOLD 2: Moderate GOLD 3: Severe GOLD 4: Very severe
COPD staging
Stage 1: Mild -FEV-1 ≥80%: Stage 2: Moderate -FEV-1 50-79% Stage 3: Severe -FEV-1 30-49% Stage 4:
Very severe -FEV-1 ≤30%:
Stage 1 COPD (mild)
Reasoning for Nurse Practitioners Review| Questions and
Verified Answers| 100% Correct| Grade A
A comprehensive test used to diagnose sleep disorders that records your brain waves, the oxygen
level in your blood, heart rate, and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study.
Polysomnography
Indications for polysomnography
-Sleep apnea -Periodic limb movement disorder sometimes associated with restless legs syndrome. -
Narcolepsy -REM sleep behavior disorder. This sleep disorder involves acting out dreams as you sleep.
Unusual behaviors during sleep.: walking, moving around a lot or rhythmic movements, Unexplained
chronic insomnia
Microscopic study - Acid fast bacilli smear (AFB smear)
-diagnosis of tuberculosis *diagnosis cannot be made with the smear itself; TB cultures are required. -
productive cough, night sweats, fever, anorexia, weight loss, hemoptysis or abnormal CXR. -considered
in immunocompromised patients.
Microscopic study - Blood Culture and Sensitivity
.Used to determine the presence of bacteria in the blood
Microscopic study - Bone marrow biopsy
, -used in the evaluation of patients with hematologic diseases, to evaluate anemias, leukopenia, or
thrombocytopenia. -To assess abnormal iron stores -to diagnosis leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders,
and plasma cell dyscrasia.
Microscopic study - Fluid analysis
-pleural tap or thoracentesis: performed to determine the cause of unexplained pleural effusion. -to
relieve intrathoracic pressure that accumulates with a large volume of fluid and inhibits respiration. -
Evaluates cytology as well
What is a pulmonary embolism?
blood clot in the lungs. DVT puts a person at risk for a pulmonary embolism
Classic signs of a pulmonary embolism. Answer:
-Shortness of breath. This symptom typically appears suddenly and always gets worse with exertion. -
Chest pain. You may feel like you're having a heart attack. The pain is often sharp and felt when you
breathe in deeply, often stopping you from being able to take a deep breath. It can also be felt when
you cough, bend or stoop. -Cough
Risk factors for pulmonary embolism
Oral contraceptives, Obesity, Recent surgery or immobility, Heart disease, Covid 19 infection, Disorders
that affect clotting, Testosterone supplementation
Accurately classifying the severity of COPD is done by?
the assessment of airflow using spirometry
Spirometry results are based on two measurements:
Forced vital capacity (FVC). Forced expiratory volume (FEV-1).
Forced vital capacity (FVC).
the largest amount of air you can breathe out after breathing in as deeply as you can.
Forced expiratory volume (FEV-1).
shows how much air you can exhale from your lungs in 1 second.
Spirometry Grades
GOLD 1: Mild GOLD 2: Moderate GOLD 3: Severe GOLD 4: Very severe
COPD staging
Stage 1: Mild -FEV-1 ≥80%: Stage 2: Moderate -FEV-1 50-79% Stage 3: Severe -FEV-1 30-49% Stage 4:
Very severe -FEV-1 ≤30%:
Stage 1 COPD (mild)
