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NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM|| ALL QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+||
LATEST AND COMPLETE VERSION 2024-2025
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED
PASS!!!!
Asthma - ANSWER: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER: coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER: -airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWER: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER: innermost layer
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middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWER: the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER: embedded with connective tissue cells
and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER: white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWER: the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response
that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER: columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER: smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWER: control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWER: When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
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how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWER: the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWER: -expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - ANSWER: tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWER: These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWER: the parasympathetic system
is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANSWER: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANSWER: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIDTERM EXAM|| ALL QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+||
LATEST AND COMPLETE VERSION 2024-2025
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED
PASS!!!!
Asthma - ANSWER: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
inflammatory response in the bronchioles
What are 5 s/s of asthma - ANSWER: coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Pathophysiology of asthma (5) - ANSWER: -airway inflammation, bronchial
hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Bronchioles - ANSWER: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
become the alveoli
3 layers of the bronchioles - ANSWER: innermost layer
,2|Page
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
lamina propria - ANSWER: the middle layer of the bronchioles
structure of the lamina propria - ANSWER: embedded with connective tissue cells
and immune cells
purpose of the lamina propria - ANSWER: white blood cells are present to help
protect the airways
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma - ANSWER: the
WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response
that damages host tissue
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER: columnar
epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain - ANSWER: smooth
muscle cells
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do - ANSWER: control the
airways ability to constrict and dilate
alveolar hyperinflation - ANSWER: When air is unable to move out of the
alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus
plug thus trapping air inside
, 3|Page
how does hyperinflation occur? - ANSWER: the ongoing inflammatory process of
asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse around
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar - ANSWER: -expanded thorax and
hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma - ANSWER: tiotropium and
ipratropium
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs? - ANSWER: These drugs block the
effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma - ANSWER: the parasympathetic system
is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
bronchitis - ANSWER: inflammation of the bronchial tubes
3 characteristics of bronchitis - ANSWER: bronchial inflammation
hypersecretion of mucus
chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2 successive
years
