CAD NCLEX review Registered Nurse
RN well answered to pass
CAD - correct answer ✔✔the coronary arteries that deliver a constant supply of blood to the heart
muscle begin to develop fatty plaques that can lead to restriction of blood flow to the heart.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS - correct answer ✔✔cause fatty plaques in the artery walls
happens over time
what are the effects of fatty plaques? - correct answer ✔✔limits blood supply to the heart muscle
can rupture which can lead to thrombosis formation (and cause MI)
can cause HTN, chest pain, HF
Main arteries that feed the heart muscle - correct answer ✔✔left coronary artery (branches off to left
circumflex and left anterior descending artery)
right coronary artery
(branches off to right marginal artery and posterior descending artery)
Factors that increase chance of artherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔smoking
obesity/unhealthy weight
high cholesterol
sedentary lifestyle
diabetes
family history
patho of artherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔LDL sticks to wall and increases in size
artery diameter narrowed
usually asymptomatic until blockage big enough to limit blood flow to heart
, stable angina - correct answer ✔✔artery blocked enough to slightly impede blood flow but blood still
able to get to the muscle and only have pain WITH ACTIVITY
activity puts strain on the heart but pain relieved when activity stops
collateral circulation - correct answer ✔✔more than one artery forms to re-route blood to the heart
muscle to make up for the decreased blood flow d/t the blockage
patients w/ fatty plaque buildup in the arteries are at risk for - correct answer ✔✔plaques to rupture
can lead to coronary thrombosis where clotting material aggregates at the site of rupture leading to
significant or complete blockage of the coronary artery
patients will have acute coronary syndrome with unstable angina or experience an MI, this is a medical
emergency
S/S CAD - correct answer ✔✔many people are asymptomatic
stable angina- pain w/ exertion
shortness of breath (insufficient blood supply to heart muscle)
very tired, run down, esp w/ activity
if patient has pain during activity - correct answer ✔✔should notify dr so dx testing can be performed
CAD dx - correct answer ✔✔blood tests: lipoprotein profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides)
EKG- changes in ST segments or T waves (shows if there is a heart attack in progress, previous heart
attack or compromised blood flow)
24-48 hour Holter monitor may be ordered to watch heart rate and rhythm during the patient's regular
activities of daily living
RN well answered to pass
CAD - correct answer ✔✔the coronary arteries that deliver a constant supply of blood to the heart
muscle begin to develop fatty plaques that can lead to restriction of blood flow to the heart.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS - correct answer ✔✔cause fatty plaques in the artery walls
happens over time
what are the effects of fatty plaques? - correct answer ✔✔limits blood supply to the heart muscle
can rupture which can lead to thrombosis formation (and cause MI)
can cause HTN, chest pain, HF
Main arteries that feed the heart muscle - correct answer ✔✔left coronary artery (branches off to left
circumflex and left anterior descending artery)
right coronary artery
(branches off to right marginal artery and posterior descending artery)
Factors that increase chance of artherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔smoking
obesity/unhealthy weight
high cholesterol
sedentary lifestyle
diabetes
family history
patho of artherosclerosis - correct answer ✔✔LDL sticks to wall and increases in size
artery diameter narrowed
usually asymptomatic until blockage big enough to limit blood flow to heart
, stable angina - correct answer ✔✔artery blocked enough to slightly impede blood flow but blood still
able to get to the muscle and only have pain WITH ACTIVITY
activity puts strain on the heart but pain relieved when activity stops
collateral circulation - correct answer ✔✔more than one artery forms to re-route blood to the heart
muscle to make up for the decreased blood flow d/t the blockage
patients w/ fatty plaque buildup in the arteries are at risk for - correct answer ✔✔plaques to rupture
can lead to coronary thrombosis where clotting material aggregates at the site of rupture leading to
significant or complete blockage of the coronary artery
patients will have acute coronary syndrome with unstable angina or experience an MI, this is a medical
emergency
S/S CAD - correct answer ✔✔many people are asymptomatic
stable angina- pain w/ exertion
shortness of breath (insufficient blood supply to heart muscle)
very tired, run down, esp w/ activity
if patient has pain during activity - correct answer ✔✔should notify dr so dx testing can be performed
CAD dx - correct answer ✔✔blood tests: lipoprotein profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides)
EKG- changes in ST segments or T waves (shows if there is a heart attack in progress, previous heart
attack or compromised blood flow)
24-48 hour Holter monitor may be ordered to watch heart rate and rhythm during the patient's regular
activities of daily living
