TEST BANK PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND HEALTH
ASSESSMENT 4TH CANADIAN EDITION by JARVIS
,Chapter 01: Critical Thinking and Evidence-Informed Assessment
Jarvis: Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which type of data is collected by obtaining vital signs?
a. Objective
b. Reflecting
c. Subjective
d. Introspective
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting,
percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. Subjective data are
what the person says about themselves during history taking. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
2. During an assessment, a hospital patient describes feeling warm, nauseated, and nervous.
Which typeof data is collected?
a.Objective
b.Reflective
c.Subjective
d.Introspective
CORRECT RESPONSE C
Reasoning:->>Subjective data are what the person says about themselves during history
taking. Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing,
palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
3. Which part of a hospital patient’s health record is created when combining
laboratory studies, objective data, and subjective data?
a. Database
b. Admitting data
c. Triage form
d. Discharge summary
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>Together with the hospital patient’s record and laboratory studies, the
objective and subjective data form the database. The other items are not part of the hospital
patient’s record, laboratory studies, ordata.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
,4. Which action will the medical caretaker complete if while listening to a hospital patient’s
breath sounds, they areunsure of a sound heard?
a. Immediately notify the hospital patient’s most responsible practitioner.
b. Document the sound exactly as it was heard.
c. Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds.
d. Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.
CORRECT RESPONSE C
Reasoning:->>when unsure of a sound heard while listening to a hospital patient’s breath
sounds, the medical caretaker validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the medical caretaker
has less experience in an area, then they would ask anexpert to listen.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
5. Which approach do novice medical caretakers utilize when making decisions?
a. Intuition
b. Clear-cut rules
c. Articles in journals
d. Advice from supervisors
CORRECT RESPONSE B
Reasoning:->>Novice medical caretakers operate from a set of defined, structured rules.
Expert practitioners use criticalthinking and their substantial background of experience.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) MSC: Hospital patient Needs:
General
6. Which method moves a medical caretaker from novice to expert?
a. Critical thinking
b. The nursing process
c. Clinical knowledge
d. Diagnostic reasoning
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>Critical thinking is a multidimensional, dynamic, and interactive thinking
process by whichexpert medical caretakers assess and make decisions in the clinical area.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) MSC: Hospital patient Needs:
General
7. Which statement reflects the meaning of evidence-informed practice (EIP)?
a. Best practice techniques to treat hospital patients. Taking note solely from
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO)
b. Clinician experience and expertise to guide practice. Sometimes reflecting on the
hospital patient perspective
c. Life-long problem-solving approach to clinical decision making using best
available evidence
d. The hospital patient’s own preferences are not important in EIP
CORRECT RESPONSE C
, Reasoning:->>EIP is more than the use of best practice techniques to treat hospital patients;
it can be defined as a paradigm and lifelong problem-solving approach to clinical decision
making that involves theconscientious use of the best available evidence (including a
systematic search for and criticalappraisal of the most relevant evidence to answer a clinical
question) with one’s own clinical expertise and hospital patient values and preferences to
improve outcomes for individuals, groups, communities, and systems. EIP is more than
simply using the best practice techniques to treat hospital patients, and questioning tradition is
important when no compelling and supportive research evidence exists.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
8. Which example illustrates a first-level priority problem?
a. Postoperative pain
b. Newly diagnosed diabetes needing diabetic teaching
c. Small laceration on the sole of the foot
d. Shortness of breath and respiratory distress
CORRECT RESPONSE D
Reasoning:->>First-level priority problems are those that are emergent, life-threatening, and
immediate (e.g.,establishing an airway, supporting breathing, maintaining circulation,
monitoring abnormal vital signs) (see Table 1.1 – Identifying Immediate Priorities).
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
9. Which critical thinking skill recognizes relationships among the data?
a. Validation
b. Clustering related cues
c. Identifying gaps in data
d. Distinguishing relevant data from irrelevant data
CORRECT RESPONSE B
Reasoning:->>Clustering related cues helps the medical caretaker see relationships among the
data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
10. Which diagnosis is critical to develop appropriate nursing interventions for a hospital patient?
a. Nursing
b. Medical
c. Admission
d. Collaborative
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>An accurate nursing diagnosis provides the basis for the selection of nursing
interventions to achieve outcomes for which the medical caretaker is accountable. The other
items do not contribute to thedevelopment of appropriate nursing interventions.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
ASSESSMENT 4TH CANADIAN EDITION by JARVIS
,Chapter 01: Critical Thinking and Evidence-Informed Assessment
Jarvis: Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which type of data is collected by obtaining vital signs?
a. Objective
b. Reflecting
c. Subjective
d. Introspective
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting,
percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. Subjective data are
what the person says about themselves during history taking. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
2. During an assessment, a hospital patient describes feeling warm, nauseated, and nervous.
Which typeof data is collected?
a.Objective
b.Reflective
c.Subjective
d.Introspective
CORRECT RESPONSE C
Reasoning:->>Subjective data are what the person says about themselves during history
taking. Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing,
palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
3. Which part of a hospital patient’s health record is created when combining
laboratory studies, objective data, and subjective data?
a. Database
b. Admitting data
c. Triage form
d. Discharge summary
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>Together with the hospital patient’s record and laboratory studies, the
objective and subjective data form the database. The other items are not part of the hospital
patient’s record, laboratory studies, ordata.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
,4. Which action will the medical caretaker complete if while listening to a hospital patient’s
breath sounds, they areunsure of a sound heard?
a. Immediately notify the hospital patient’s most responsible practitioner.
b. Document the sound exactly as it was heard.
c. Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds.
d. Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.
CORRECT RESPONSE C
Reasoning:->>when unsure of a sound heard while listening to a hospital patient’s breath
sounds, the medical caretaker validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the medical caretaker
has less experience in an area, then they would ask anexpert to listen.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
5. Which approach do novice medical caretakers utilize when making decisions?
a. Intuition
b. Clear-cut rules
c. Articles in journals
d. Advice from supervisors
CORRECT RESPONSE B
Reasoning:->>Novice medical caretakers operate from a set of defined, structured rules.
Expert practitioners use criticalthinking and their substantial background of experience.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) MSC: Hospital patient Needs:
General
6. Which method moves a medical caretaker from novice to expert?
a. Critical thinking
b. The nursing process
c. Clinical knowledge
d. Diagnostic reasoning
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>Critical thinking is a multidimensional, dynamic, and interactive thinking
process by whichexpert medical caretakers assess and make decisions in the clinical area.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) MSC: Hospital patient Needs:
General
7. Which statement reflects the meaning of evidence-informed practice (EIP)?
a. Best practice techniques to treat hospital patients. Taking note solely from
Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (RNAO)
b. Clinician experience and expertise to guide practice. Sometimes reflecting on the
hospital patient perspective
c. Life-long problem-solving approach to clinical decision making using best
available evidence
d. The hospital patient’s own preferences are not important in EIP
CORRECT RESPONSE C
, Reasoning:->>EIP is more than the use of best practice techniques to treat hospital patients;
it can be defined as a paradigm and lifelong problem-solving approach to clinical decision
making that involves theconscientious use of the best available evidence (including a
systematic search for and criticalappraisal of the most relevant evidence to answer a clinical
question) with one’s own clinical expertise and hospital patient values and preferences to
improve outcomes for individuals, groups, communities, and systems. EIP is more than
simply using the best practice techniques to treat hospital patients, and questioning tradition is
important when no compelling and supportive research evidence exists.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
8. Which example illustrates a first-level priority problem?
a. Postoperative pain
b. Newly diagnosed diabetes needing diabetic teaching
c. Small laceration on the sole of the foot
d. Shortness of breath and respiratory distress
CORRECT RESPONSE D
Reasoning:->>First-level priority problems are those that are emergent, life-threatening, and
immediate (e.g.,establishing an airway, supporting breathing, maintaining circulation,
monitoring abnormal vital signs) (see Table 1.1 – Identifying Immediate Priorities).
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
9. Which critical thinking skill recognizes relationships among the data?
a. Validation
b. Clustering related cues
c. Identifying gaps in data
d. Distinguishing relevant data from irrelevant data
CORRECT RESPONSE B
Reasoning:->>Clustering related cues helps the medical caretaker see relationships among the
data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
10. Which diagnosis is critical to develop appropriate nursing interventions for a hospital patient?
a. Nursing
b. Medical
c. Admission
d. Collaborative
CORRECT RESPONSE A
Reasoning:->>An accurate nursing diagnosis provides the basis for the selection of nursing
interventions to achieve outcomes for which the medical caretaker is accountable. The other
items do not contribute to thedevelopment of appropriate nursing interventions.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Hospital patient Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
