Maryville NURS 611 patho exam 1 questions with
correct answers
Apoptosis Correct Answer-A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
Necrosis Correct Answer-Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure,
organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) Correct Answer-hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? Correct Answer-ischemia
Main component of a cell Correct Answer-nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? Correct Answer-nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? Correct Answer-RNA, most of
cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? Correct Answer-histones bind to DNA and
fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
,What are ribosomes? Correct Answer-RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into
the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? Correct Answer-cytoplasm and rough
ER
what are ribosomes chief function? Correct Answer-provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? Correct Answer-a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? Correct Answer-takes proteins from
the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound
vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the
cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? Correct Answer-maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of
useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals
cellular adaption
, How does aging affect lysosomes? Correct Answer-leads to progressive
loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of
organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? Correct Answer-
nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? Correct Answer-cellular
respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? Correct
Answer-enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process
of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve
what two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? Correct
Answer-1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements? Correct Answer-carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is physiologic atrophy? Correct Answer-occurs in early
development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
correct answers
Apoptosis Correct Answer-A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
Necrosis Correct Answer-Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure,
organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) Correct Answer-hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? Correct Answer-ischemia
Main component of a cell Correct Answer-nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? Correct Answer-nucleolus
What is the nucleolus composed of? Correct Answer-RNA, most of
cellular DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? Correct Answer-histones bind to DNA and
fold it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
,What are ribosomes? Correct Answer-RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into
the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? Correct Answer-cytoplasm and rough
ER
what are ribosomes chief function? Correct Answer-provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? Correct Answer-a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? Correct Answer-takes proteins from
the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound
vesicles called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the
cell
What are lysosomes and what do they do? Correct Answer-maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of
useless organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals
cellular adaption
, How does aging affect lysosomes? Correct Answer-leads to progressive
loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of
organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? Correct Answer-
nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? Correct Answer-cellular
respiration, cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? Correct
Answer-enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process
of oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve
what two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? Correct
Answer-1- metabolic
2- urea and heme synthesis
3- carbs, proteins, and lipids
What can accumulate intracellularly caused by stresses form metabolic
dearangements? Correct Answer-carbs, proteins, and lipids
What is physiologic atrophy? Correct Answer-occurs in early
development. ex: thymus glad during childhood
