NUR 242 Exam 5
What is the purpose of the urinary and GI tract? - correct answer ✔maintain
proper elimination of bodily waste to remain healthy
What is the primary function of the urinary tract? - correct answer ✔eliminate
waste and excess fluid from the body in the form of urine
List 4 more functions of the urinary system: - correct answer ✔- regulates
levels of electrolytes
- produces hormones that are important for blood pressure regulation
- develops red blood cells
- helps to keep bones strong
List the route of urine (4 main steps): - correct answer ✔- kidneys
- ureters
- bladder
- urethra
kidneys - correct answer ✔2 bean-shaped organs located below the ribcage,
each adjacent to the spine
On average, the kidneys filter _____ to _____ quarts of blood to produce
_____ to _____ quarts of urine (a day). - correct answer ✔120-150
1-2
How many cups of urine can the bladder normally hold? - correct answer ✔2
,urine - correct answer ✔extra fluid and waste the body no longer needs
ideally clear/light yellow without cloudiness
List 5 things that affect urine color, amount, or odor: - correct answer ✔-
medications
- exercise
- hydration status
- diet
- age
What are 2 affects of age on urine output? - correct answer ✔- kidney
function declines = decreased frequency
- loss of bladder muscle tone = leakage, incontinence, or retention
What diet habits affect urine? (5) - correct answer ✔- increase water =
clearer urine
- beets = red tint
- food dyes
- asparagus = specific odor
- alcohol/caffeine = increase urine production
urinary retention - correct answer ✔inability to empty the bladder
List the 3 sets of muscles that prevent incontinence: - correct answer ✔- the
urethra
,- the bladder neck
- the pelvic floor
How does pregnancy affect incontinence? - correct answer ✔increases
pressure on the pelvic floor = pelvic organ prolapse or nerve damage
What is BPH? - correct answer ✔benign prostate hyperplasia
noncancerous overgrowth of the prostate
causes constriction of the urethra
List 6 symptoms of BPH: - correct answer ✔- frequent nighttime urination
- incontinence
- urinary frequency
- urinary retention
- urinary urgency
- weak or slow urinary stream
antidiuretics - correct answer ✔minimize fluid loss by preventing urine
production in the kidneys
diuretics - correct answer ✔increase urination by increasing urine production
in the kidneys
primarily used to reduce blood pressure but can also be used to treat heart
failure and edema
, List the types of urinary incontinence (6): - correct answer ✔"surf on"
Stress
Urge
Reflex
Functional
Overflow
Nocturnal
stress incontinence - correct answer ✔coughing, sneezing, laughing, or
physical activity that increases pressure on the bladder
urge incontinence - correct answer ✔strong urge to urinate, but leaking
occurs before getting to the toilet
reflex incontinence - correct answer ✔urinary leakage without warning or
urge as a result of nerve damage
functional incontinence - correct answer ✔physical inability to reach the toilet
in time due to a physical impairment such as being wheelchair bound or
having arthritis of the hands making it difficult to undress
overflow incontinence - correct answer ✔incomplete bladder emptying which
results in the bladder overflowing when full
What is the purpose of the urinary and GI tract? - correct answer ✔maintain
proper elimination of bodily waste to remain healthy
What is the primary function of the urinary tract? - correct answer ✔eliminate
waste and excess fluid from the body in the form of urine
List 4 more functions of the urinary system: - correct answer ✔- regulates
levels of electrolytes
- produces hormones that are important for blood pressure regulation
- develops red blood cells
- helps to keep bones strong
List the route of urine (4 main steps): - correct answer ✔- kidneys
- ureters
- bladder
- urethra
kidneys - correct answer ✔2 bean-shaped organs located below the ribcage,
each adjacent to the spine
On average, the kidneys filter _____ to _____ quarts of blood to produce
_____ to _____ quarts of urine (a day). - correct answer ✔120-150
1-2
How many cups of urine can the bladder normally hold? - correct answer ✔2
,urine - correct answer ✔extra fluid and waste the body no longer needs
ideally clear/light yellow without cloudiness
List 5 things that affect urine color, amount, or odor: - correct answer ✔-
medications
- exercise
- hydration status
- diet
- age
What are 2 affects of age on urine output? - correct answer ✔- kidney
function declines = decreased frequency
- loss of bladder muscle tone = leakage, incontinence, or retention
What diet habits affect urine? (5) - correct answer ✔- increase water =
clearer urine
- beets = red tint
- food dyes
- asparagus = specific odor
- alcohol/caffeine = increase urine production
urinary retention - correct answer ✔inability to empty the bladder
List the 3 sets of muscles that prevent incontinence: - correct answer ✔- the
urethra
,- the bladder neck
- the pelvic floor
How does pregnancy affect incontinence? - correct answer ✔increases
pressure on the pelvic floor = pelvic organ prolapse or nerve damage
What is BPH? - correct answer ✔benign prostate hyperplasia
noncancerous overgrowth of the prostate
causes constriction of the urethra
List 6 symptoms of BPH: - correct answer ✔- frequent nighttime urination
- incontinence
- urinary frequency
- urinary retention
- urinary urgency
- weak or slow urinary stream
antidiuretics - correct answer ✔minimize fluid loss by preventing urine
production in the kidneys
diuretics - correct answer ✔increase urination by increasing urine production
in the kidneys
primarily used to reduce blood pressure but can also be used to treat heart
failure and edema
, List the types of urinary incontinence (6): - correct answer ✔"surf on"
Stress
Urge
Reflex
Functional
Overflow
Nocturnal
stress incontinence - correct answer ✔coughing, sneezing, laughing, or
physical activity that increases pressure on the bladder
urge incontinence - correct answer ✔strong urge to urinate, but leaking
occurs before getting to the toilet
reflex incontinence - correct answer ✔urinary leakage without warning or
urge as a result of nerve damage
functional incontinence - correct answer ✔physical inability to reach the toilet
in time due to a physical impairment such as being wheelchair bound or
having arthritis of the hands making it difficult to undress
overflow incontinence - correct answer ✔incomplete bladder emptying which
results in the bladder overflowing when full
