AP Euro Exam Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Cosimo de Medici - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- supported education and the arts, made many
business connections in Europe
Lorenzo Medici - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- gave power to the lower classes of Italy, but he
let his family business decline.
Savonorola - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- bonfire of Vanities and Ruled Florence STRICTLY,
later exectued by the Pope
Petrarch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- coined the term renaissance, , (1304-1374) Father of
the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the
peak in the development of human civilization.
Pico della Mirandola - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated
that man was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection.
Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to
what man can accomplish.
Lorenzo Valla - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote "On Pleasure" defended the senses of good
Giovanni Bocaccio - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Decameron, Federigo's Falcon, timelessness
and university, 1300s, Humanism
Castiglione - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote "The Courtier" describing all of the major
things that a man must have in order to be a functioning societal person
Machiavellli - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote the Prince, a book about using politics as a
science. "feared rather than loved" and "fox and lion"
,Desiderius Erasmus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Dutch humanist and theologian who was
the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe, Dutch humanist and theologian who was
the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe although his criticisms of the Church led
to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther. he wrote The Praise
of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin(1466-
1536)
Jan Van Eyck - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish
school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
Thomas More - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's
divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded, He was a English
humanist that contributed to the world today by revealing the complexities of man. He wrote
Utopia, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society. (p.437)
Jerome Bosch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- He was a Flemish painter whose works display
the confusion and anguish of the end of the Middle Ages. Jerome Bosch frequently used
religious themes, colorful imagery, and grotesque fantasies in his works of art. (p.439)
New Monarchies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Historians' term for the monarchies in France,
England, and Spain from 1450 to 1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing
within more or less fixed territorial limits. (p. 414)
Thomas a' Kempis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- German ecclesiastic (1380-1471), author of
"the imitation of christ"; early northern christian writer who challenged individuals to live a
godly life rather than focus just on knowledge, summarized philosophy of Brothers of the
Common Life in 'Imitation of Life', died in 1471, associated with Brethren of the Common
Life, He was the leader of the mystic group known as Modern Devotion
John Wycliffe - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation.
Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of
the pope.
Martin Luther - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Known by many as the creater or the
reformation, he broke away from the Catholic Church and then later began to question the
popes role in the church and the sale of indulgences.
, Frederich the Wise of Saxony - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Supporter of Marthin Luther, he
hid him from the Catholic Church when he refused to repent.
Charles V - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the
Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use
of the Counter-Reformation
Anabaptists - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A Protestant sect that believed only adults could
make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and
state, and democratic church organization.
Zwingli - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Leader of Swiss Reformation. Agreed to disagree with
Luther about communion. He thought it was only a symbol, and that it wasn't Christ's body or
blood untill it touched your mouth, only symbolic. Found on the battlefield of the Swiss Civil
War wounded and the Lutherans found him, cut him up into little pieces, then burn them and
scattered the ashes over the land. Luther said Zwingli got what he deserved.
John Calvin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets
(predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined
Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
Henry VIII - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Creator of the Church of England, he married 6
wives and divorced or had them killed since none could produce a male heir.
Thomas Cromwell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1485-1540) Became King Henry VII's close
advisor following Cardinal Wolsey's dismissal. He and his contemporary THomas Cranmer
convinced the king to break from Rome and made the Church of England increasingly more
Protestant., (1485-1540) King Henry III's Chief Minister; he confiscated the wealth of the
Catholic church and divided administration according to its functions by creating seperate
departments of state
Elizabeth I - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, This queen of
England chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to
attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of
England
ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Cosimo de Medici - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- supported education and the arts, made many
business connections in Europe
Lorenzo Medici - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- gave power to the lower classes of Italy, but he
let his family business decline.
Savonorola - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- bonfire of Vanities and Ruled Florence STRICTLY,
later exectued by the Pope
Petrarch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- coined the term renaissance, , (1304-1374) Father of
the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the
peak in the development of human civilization.
Pico della Mirandola - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated
that man was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection.
Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to
what man can accomplish.
Lorenzo Valla - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote "On Pleasure" defended the senses of good
Giovanni Bocaccio - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Decameron, Federigo's Falcon, timelessness
and university, 1300s, Humanism
Castiglione - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote "The Courtier" describing all of the major
things that a man must have in order to be a functioning societal person
Machiavellli - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Wrote the Prince, a book about using politics as a
science. "feared rather than loved" and "fox and lion"
,Desiderius Erasmus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Dutch humanist and theologian who was
the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe, Dutch humanist and theologian who was
the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe although his criticisms of the Church led
to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther. he wrote The Praise
of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin(1466-
1536)
Jan Van Eyck - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish
school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)
Thomas More - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's
divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded, He was a English
humanist that contributed to the world today by revealing the complexities of man. He wrote
Utopia, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society. (p.437)
Jerome Bosch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- He was a Flemish painter whose works display
the confusion and anguish of the end of the Middle Ages. Jerome Bosch frequently used
religious themes, colorful imagery, and grotesque fantasies in his works of art. (p.439)
New Monarchies - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Historians' term for the monarchies in France,
England, and Spain from 1450 to 1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing
within more or less fixed territorial limits. (p. 414)
Thomas a' Kempis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- German ecclesiastic (1380-1471), author of
"the imitation of christ"; early northern christian writer who challenged individuals to live a
godly life rather than focus just on knowledge, summarized philosophy of Brothers of the
Common Life in 'Imitation of Life', died in 1471, associated with Brethren of the Common
Life, He was the leader of the mystic group known as Modern Devotion
John Wycliffe - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation.
Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of
the pope.
Martin Luther - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Known by many as the creater or the
reformation, he broke away from the Catholic Church and then later began to question the
popes role in the church and the sale of indulgences.
, Frederich the Wise of Saxony - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Supporter of Marthin Luther, he
hid him from the Catholic Church when he refused to repent.
Charles V - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the
Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use
of the Counter-Reformation
Anabaptists - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A Protestant sect that believed only adults could
make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and
state, and democratic church organization.
Zwingli - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Leader of Swiss Reformation. Agreed to disagree with
Luther about communion. He thought it was only a symbol, and that it wasn't Christ's body or
blood untill it touched your mouth, only symbolic. Found on the battlefield of the Swiss Civil
War wounded and the Lutherans found him, cut him up into little pieces, then burn them and
scattered the ashes over the land. Luther said Zwingli got what he deserved.
John Calvin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets
(predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined
Presbyterianism (1509-1564)
Henry VIII - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Creator of the Church of England, he married 6
wives and divorced or had them killed since none could produce a male heir.
Thomas Cromwell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- (1485-1540) Became King Henry VII's close
advisor following Cardinal Wolsey's dismissal. He and his contemporary THomas Cranmer
convinced the king to break from Rome and made the Church of England increasingly more
Protestant., (1485-1540) King Henry III's Chief Minister; he confiscated the wealth of the
Catholic church and divided administration according to its functions by creating seperate
departments of state
Elizabeth I - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, This queen of
England chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to
attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of
England
