DNA Sequencing and Electrophoresis Techniques Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis - Answers Analyzes DNA fragments from 100 bp to 20,000 bp.
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) - Answers Separates DNA fragments larger than 20,000 bp.
Electrophoresis Duration - Answers Typically lasts 18 to 24 hours for PFGE.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis - Answers Separates polynucleotides from 10 to 4000 bases.
Acrylamide Gel Composition - Answers Made from acrylamide, bis-acrylamide, urea, buffer.
Electrophoresis Voltage - Answers Applied potential difference around 1500 volts.
Denatured DNA - Answers Single-stranded DNA maintained by heat and urea.
Ethidium Bromide Staining - Answers Used to visualize DNA bands in gels.
Autoradiography - Answers Detects radioactive DNA via X-ray film exposure.
Dideoxy Chain Termination Method - Answers Automated DNA sequencing method developed by
Sanger.
Template DNA - Answers Single-stranded DNA used for sequencing reactions.
Oligonucleotide Primer - Answers Short DNA sequence that anneals to template.
DideoxyNTPs - Answers Terminate DNA chain growth due to missing hydroxyl.
Radioactively Labeled dNTPs - Answers Contain 32P or 35S for detection in sequencing.
High-Resolution Polyacrylamide Gel - Answers Separates polynucleotide chains differing by one
nucleotide.
Fluorescent Dyes in Sequencing - Answers Different colors for each dideoxyNTP in automation.
Contig - Answers Long contiguous sequence compiled from overlapping fragments.
Open Reading Frames (ORFs) - Answers Sequences starting with start codon and ending with stop.
Genome Sequencing - Answers Entire bacterial genomes sequenced within months.
Next-Generation Sequencing - Answers Supersedes dideoxy method for genome sequencing.
Heat Distribution in Electrophoresis - Answers Aluminium plates prevent glass cracking from heat.
X-ray Film Development - Answers Reveals bands from radioactive DNA on film.
Robotic Template Preparation - Answers Automates sequencing process for efficiency.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis - Answers Analyzes DNA fragments from 100 bp to 20,000 bp.
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) - Answers Separates DNA fragments larger than 20,000 bp.
Electrophoresis Duration - Answers Typically lasts 18 to 24 hours for PFGE.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis - Answers Separates polynucleotides from 10 to 4000 bases.
Acrylamide Gel Composition - Answers Made from acrylamide, bis-acrylamide, urea, buffer.
Electrophoresis Voltage - Answers Applied potential difference around 1500 volts.
Denatured DNA - Answers Single-stranded DNA maintained by heat and urea.
Ethidium Bromide Staining - Answers Used to visualize DNA bands in gels.
Autoradiography - Answers Detects radioactive DNA via X-ray film exposure.
Dideoxy Chain Termination Method - Answers Automated DNA sequencing method developed by
Sanger.
Template DNA - Answers Single-stranded DNA used for sequencing reactions.
Oligonucleotide Primer - Answers Short DNA sequence that anneals to template.
DideoxyNTPs - Answers Terminate DNA chain growth due to missing hydroxyl.
Radioactively Labeled dNTPs - Answers Contain 32P or 35S for detection in sequencing.
High-Resolution Polyacrylamide Gel - Answers Separates polynucleotide chains differing by one
nucleotide.
Fluorescent Dyes in Sequencing - Answers Different colors for each dideoxyNTP in automation.
Contig - Answers Long contiguous sequence compiled from overlapping fragments.
Open Reading Frames (ORFs) - Answers Sequences starting with start codon and ending with stop.
Genome Sequencing - Answers Entire bacterial genomes sequenced within months.
Next-Generation Sequencing - Answers Supersedes dideoxy method for genome sequencing.
Heat Distribution in Electrophoresis - Answers Aluminium plates prevent glass cracking from heat.
X-ray Film Development - Answers Reveals bands from radioactive DNA on film.
Robotic Template Preparation - Answers Automates sequencing process for efficiency.
