Memory Psychology Exam
with Complete Solutions
Graded A+
paired-associates recall - Answer- a type of recall in which individuals first memorize
pairs of items and are then shown one item in the pair and asked to recall the matching
item
recognition task - Answer- a method of measuring memory retention that assesses the
ability to select the correct answer from among a range of alternative answers
amnesia - Answer- loss of memory
retrograde amnesia - Answer- loss of memory of past events
anterograde amnesia - Answer- loss or impairment of the ability to form or store new
memories
childhood amnesia - Answer- the normal occurrence of amnesia for events occurring
during infancy and early childhood
dissociative amnesia - Answer- a psychologically based form of amnesia involving the
"splitting off" from memory or traumatic or troubling experiences
engram - Answer- Lashley's term for the physical trace or etching of a memory in the
brain
neuronal networks - Answer- memory circuits in the brain that consist of complicated
networks of nerve cells
long-term potentiation (LTP) - Answer- the long-term strengthening of neural
connections as the result of repeated stimulation
mnemonic - Answer- a device for improving memory
method of loci - Answer- a mnemonic based on linking items to be remembered with
objects in familiar locations. also called the method of places.
, Elizabeth Loftus - Answer- Loftus is an American cognitive psychologist and expert on
human memory. She has conducted extensive research on the malleability of human
memory.
Eric Kandel - Answer- Kandel is an Austrian-American neuropsychiatrist. He was a
recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the
physiological basis of memory storage in neurons.
episodic buffer - Answer- temporarily holds several sources of information active at the
same time, while you consider what is needed in the present situation
memory - Answer- cognitive process defined as the capacity to encode, store, and
retrieve information
encoding - Answer- the process of converting information into a form that can be stored
in memory
storage - Answer- the process of retaining information in memory
retrieval - Answer- the process of accessing and bringing into consciousness
information stored in memory
retrieval cues - Answer- stand alone associations to the original learning that facilitate
the retrieval of memories
encoding specificity principle - Answer- the belief that retrieval will be more successful
when cues available during recall are similar to those present when the material was
first committed to memory
context-dependent memory effect - Answer- the tendency for information to be better
recalled in the same context in which it was originally learned
state-dependent memory effect - Answer- the tendency for information to be better
recalled when the person is in the psychological or physiological state as when the
information was first learned
three-stage model - Answer- a model of memory that posits three distinct stages of
memory: sensory memory: short-term memory, and long-term memory
sensory memory - Answer- the storage system that holds memory of sensory
impressions for a very short time
sensory register - Answer- a temporary storage device for holding sensory memories
iconic memory - Answer- a sensory store for holding a mental representation of a visual
image for a fraction of a second
with Complete Solutions
Graded A+
paired-associates recall - Answer- a type of recall in which individuals first memorize
pairs of items and are then shown one item in the pair and asked to recall the matching
item
recognition task - Answer- a method of measuring memory retention that assesses the
ability to select the correct answer from among a range of alternative answers
amnesia - Answer- loss of memory
retrograde amnesia - Answer- loss of memory of past events
anterograde amnesia - Answer- loss or impairment of the ability to form or store new
memories
childhood amnesia - Answer- the normal occurrence of amnesia for events occurring
during infancy and early childhood
dissociative amnesia - Answer- a psychologically based form of amnesia involving the
"splitting off" from memory or traumatic or troubling experiences
engram - Answer- Lashley's term for the physical trace or etching of a memory in the
brain
neuronal networks - Answer- memory circuits in the brain that consist of complicated
networks of nerve cells
long-term potentiation (LTP) - Answer- the long-term strengthening of neural
connections as the result of repeated stimulation
mnemonic - Answer- a device for improving memory
method of loci - Answer- a mnemonic based on linking items to be remembered with
objects in familiar locations. also called the method of places.
, Elizabeth Loftus - Answer- Loftus is an American cognitive psychologist and expert on
human memory. She has conducted extensive research on the malleability of human
memory.
Eric Kandel - Answer- Kandel is an Austrian-American neuropsychiatrist. He was a
recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the
physiological basis of memory storage in neurons.
episodic buffer - Answer- temporarily holds several sources of information active at the
same time, while you consider what is needed in the present situation
memory - Answer- cognitive process defined as the capacity to encode, store, and
retrieve information
encoding - Answer- the process of converting information into a form that can be stored
in memory
storage - Answer- the process of retaining information in memory
retrieval - Answer- the process of accessing and bringing into consciousness
information stored in memory
retrieval cues - Answer- stand alone associations to the original learning that facilitate
the retrieval of memories
encoding specificity principle - Answer- the belief that retrieval will be more successful
when cues available during recall are similar to those present when the material was
first committed to memory
context-dependent memory effect - Answer- the tendency for information to be better
recalled in the same context in which it was originally learned
state-dependent memory effect - Answer- the tendency for information to be better
recalled when the person is in the psychological or physiological state as when the
information was first learned
three-stage model - Answer- a model of memory that posits three distinct stages of
memory: sensory memory: short-term memory, and long-term memory
sensory memory - Answer- the storage system that holds memory of sensory
impressions for a very short time
sensory register - Answer- a temporary storage device for holding sensory memories
iconic memory - Answer- a sensory store for holding a mental representation of a visual
image for a fraction of a second
