NURS218 Exam #3 Questions 100% Solved.

NURS218 Exam #3 Questions 100% Solved. Psychological dependence - answerfeelings of satisfaction and pleasure from taking a drug Intoxication - answersymptoms caused by recent ingestion of a substance physical dependence - answerphysiological adaption to a chronic use of a substance withdrawal - answerunpleasant symptoms that occur when the drug is stopped, its actions antagonized, or dosage is decreased tolerance - answerwhen increasing doses are required to obtain psychological effects or avoid physical withdrawal symptoms Identify characteristics of substance abuse and dependence - answer-all ages -abuses one drug means possible abuse of others -smoking/inhaling is the preferred route -inject drug users are at risk for hepatitis & HIV Substance abuse - answerDEFINITION: self administration for long periods/in excessive amounts, physical dependence, and/or impairs body organ functions ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 10/11/2024 1:41 PM ETIOLOGY: genetics, personality characteristics PATHPHYS: activate the pleasure or reward system in the brain CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: vary by abuse Major goals of treatment for substance abuse - answerdetoxification, initiation of abstinence, and prevention of relapse Disulfiram (Antabuse) - answerACTION: causes irreversible inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase USE: to maintain abstinance ADVERSE EFFECTS: nausea, copious vomiting, headache Flumazenil (Romazicon) - answerACTION: competes at benzodiazepine receptors USE: reversal of benzodiazepine receptors (benzo overdose) ADVERSE EFFECTS: acute withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, confusion, seizures BBW Bupropion (Zyban) - answerACTION: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) USE: major depression, smoking cessation ADVERSE EFFECTS: headache, trouble sleeping, agitation ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 10/11/2024 1:41 PM Alcohol - answerEFFECTS: enhances GABA, or inhibits glutamate. causes impaired thinking, judgement, and coordination WITHDRAWAL: anxiety, depression, headache, tremor, hallucinations, seizures. Delirium Tremors are the most severe form of alc. withdrawal. TREATMENT: psychological counseling, self-help groups, naltrexone, disolfram. benzos could be used Benzodiazepines - answerEFFECTS: enhances GABA, sedation WITHDRAWAL: respiratory depression & coma, feelings of anxiety TREATMENTS: Flumazonil Opioids - answerEFFECTS: respiratory depression, hypoglycemia WITHDRAWAL: agitation, usual withdrawal symptoms TREATMENTS: naloxone (acute), methadone (to maintain abstinence) Nicotine - answerEFFECTS: cardiovascular (release norepi & epi, increase HR & BP) GI (increase secretion of gastric acids), increase alertness WITHDRAWAL: hostility, insomnia, nervousness, cravings TREATMENTS: Nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation drugs