NR222 Health & Wellness Exam
Bank | 150+ Questions and Answers
with Rationale | Chamberlain
In health promotion settings, individual autonomy may be limited by:
A. freedom of action.
B. freedom of speech.
C. the duty of protecting the health and safety of society.
D. public policy.
- Correct Answer - C. the duty of protecting the health and safety of
society.
Rationale: In health-promotion settings and endeavors the concept of
autonomy can be understood from two different perspectives. From the
vantage point of public health, the extent of individual autonomy, or
freedom of action, may be limited by the duty of protecting the health
and safety of the society. From this perspective there is an age-old
struggle between civil rights and public safety. Moral questions ask to
what degree society is justified in regulating the health and safety of
society at large. There is an inevitable tension associated with curtailing
civil liberties in the name of safety or health. Freedom of speech is not
associated with individual autonomy as it relates to health promotion.
,Which of the following statements accurately describe ethical theories?
(Select all that apply)
A. Normative theories are concerned with ensuring good actions.
B. Descriptive theories tell us what actions to take.
C. Consequentialist theories hold that decisions should take into account
all knowable potential consequences.
D. Religions and duty-based theories assert that certain duties will
produce good outcomes.
E. Descriptive theories are directive.
- Correct Answer - A. Normative theories are concerned with ensuring
good actions.
C. Consequentialist theories hold that decisions should take into account
all knowable potential consequences.
D. Religions and duty-based theories assert that certain duties will
produce good outcomes.
Rationale: Descriptive theories do not tell us what actions we ought to
take. They are not directive; they merely tell us how people act toward
each other and their environments and what they seem to believe are
good or moral actions. Normative theories, on the other hand, are
concerned with ensuring good actions. The consequentialist theory holds
that the consequences or intended consequences of actions matter.
Therefore from the consequentialist perspective, any decision about
intended actions or interventions must take into account all knowable
potential consequences. Duty-based theories, such as that of Immanuel
Kant (1724-1804) and those of various religions (Judaism, Christianity,
Islam), depend more on adherence to duties than on good
,consequences. Individuals are viewed as having certain duties that
cannot be circumvented, even if deliberately side-stepping the duty
would result in good outcomes. For religions, these rules are imparted in
some way by a divine being.
What are some of the definitions that support using the term profession
to denote the status of nursing? (select all that apply)
A. Nursing is considered a profession because it provides a service to
society.
B. Nursing is considered a profession because of the stable employment
opportunities.
C. Nursing is self-governing.
D. Members of the nursing profession are accountable for their actions.
E. Members of a profession abide by a code of ethics
- Correct Answer - A. Nursing is considered a profession because it
provides a service to society.
C. Nursing is self-governing.
D. Members of the nursing profession are accountable for their actions.
E. Members of a profession abide by a code of ethics.
Rationale: Using the term profession to denote the status of nursing and
other disciplines is controversial. Nursing is a profession insofar as it
provides a service to society, is self-governing, and its members are
accountable for their actions (Grace, 2001). One important characteristic
of professions, especially those that provide crucial services to society, is
that they have codes of ethics that provide essential elements of their
, promises of service to society. A significant consequence of professional
status is that members can be held accountable for their practice
formally by professional licensure boards. More importantly, they are
morally accountable for practicing according to their discipline's implicit
or explicit code of ethics. Codes of ethics provide a normative framework
for professional actions. A professional implicitly accepts these codes on
acquiring membership in the discipline.
In health-promotion activities, which of the following statements is
accurate regarding respect for autonomy? (select all that apply)
A. Individuals must be given the information they need to make choices.
B. Choices are autonomous when public policy dictates the action.
C. Autonomous choices are made when the person can understand the
risks and benefits of the choices.
D. Autonomous choices are acceptable even when mental capacity is
questionable.
E. Choices are considered autonomous in the absence of coercive
influence. - Correct Answer - A. Individuals must be given the information
they need to make choices.
C. Autonomous choices are made when the person can understand the
risks and benefits of the choices.
E. Choices are considered autonomous in the absence of coercive
influence.
Rationale: In health-promotion activities, respect for autonomy requires
that individuals be given the information they need to make choices.
Bank | 150+ Questions and Answers
with Rationale | Chamberlain
In health promotion settings, individual autonomy may be limited by:
A. freedom of action.
B. freedom of speech.
C. the duty of protecting the health and safety of society.
D. public policy.
- Correct Answer - C. the duty of protecting the health and safety of
society.
Rationale: In health-promotion settings and endeavors the concept of
autonomy can be understood from two different perspectives. From the
vantage point of public health, the extent of individual autonomy, or
freedom of action, may be limited by the duty of protecting the health
and safety of the society. From this perspective there is an age-old
struggle between civil rights and public safety. Moral questions ask to
what degree society is justified in regulating the health and safety of
society at large. There is an inevitable tension associated with curtailing
civil liberties in the name of safety or health. Freedom of speech is not
associated with individual autonomy as it relates to health promotion.
,Which of the following statements accurately describe ethical theories?
(Select all that apply)
A. Normative theories are concerned with ensuring good actions.
B. Descriptive theories tell us what actions to take.
C. Consequentialist theories hold that decisions should take into account
all knowable potential consequences.
D. Religions and duty-based theories assert that certain duties will
produce good outcomes.
E. Descriptive theories are directive.
- Correct Answer - A. Normative theories are concerned with ensuring
good actions.
C. Consequentialist theories hold that decisions should take into account
all knowable potential consequences.
D. Religions and duty-based theories assert that certain duties will
produce good outcomes.
Rationale: Descriptive theories do not tell us what actions we ought to
take. They are not directive; they merely tell us how people act toward
each other and their environments and what they seem to believe are
good or moral actions. Normative theories, on the other hand, are
concerned with ensuring good actions. The consequentialist theory holds
that the consequences or intended consequences of actions matter.
Therefore from the consequentialist perspective, any decision about
intended actions or interventions must take into account all knowable
potential consequences. Duty-based theories, such as that of Immanuel
Kant (1724-1804) and those of various religions (Judaism, Christianity,
Islam), depend more on adherence to duties than on good
,consequences. Individuals are viewed as having certain duties that
cannot be circumvented, even if deliberately side-stepping the duty
would result in good outcomes. For religions, these rules are imparted in
some way by a divine being.
What are some of the definitions that support using the term profession
to denote the status of nursing? (select all that apply)
A. Nursing is considered a profession because it provides a service to
society.
B. Nursing is considered a profession because of the stable employment
opportunities.
C. Nursing is self-governing.
D. Members of the nursing profession are accountable for their actions.
E. Members of a profession abide by a code of ethics
- Correct Answer - A. Nursing is considered a profession because it
provides a service to society.
C. Nursing is self-governing.
D. Members of the nursing profession are accountable for their actions.
E. Members of a profession abide by a code of ethics.
Rationale: Using the term profession to denote the status of nursing and
other disciplines is controversial. Nursing is a profession insofar as it
provides a service to society, is self-governing, and its members are
accountable for their actions (Grace, 2001). One important characteristic
of professions, especially those that provide crucial services to society, is
that they have codes of ethics that provide essential elements of their
, promises of service to society. A significant consequence of professional
status is that members can be held accountable for their practice
formally by professional licensure boards. More importantly, they are
morally accountable for practicing according to their discipline's implicit
or explicit code of ethics. Codes of ethics provide a normative framework
for professional actions. A professional implicitly accepts these codes on
acquiring membership in the discipline.
In health-promotion activities, which of the following statements is
accurate regarding respect for autonomy? (select all that apply)
A. Individuals must be given the information they need to make choices.
B. Choices are autonomous when public policy dictates the action.
C. Autonomous choices are made when the person can understand the
risks and benefits of the choices.
D. Autonomous choices are acceptable even when mental capacity is
questionable.
E. Choices are considered autonomous in the absence of coercive
influence. - Correct Answer - A. Individuals must be given the information
they need to make choices.
C. Autonomous choices are made when the person can understand the
risks and benefits of the choices.
E. Choices are considered autonomous in the absence of coercive
influence.
Rationale: In health-promotion activities, respect for autonomy requires
that individuals be given the information they need to make choices.
