©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM
Brock Biology of Microorganisms Chapter 1
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
Culture - answer✔cells grown in/on nutrient medium
medium - answer✔liquid/solid mixture containing all required nutrients
cell - answer✔living compartment that interacts with the environment and other cells
cytoplasmic (cell) membrane - answer✔barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the
outside environment
cytoplasm - answer✔aqueous mixture of macromolecules, small organics, ions, and ribosomes
inside the cell
ribosomes - answer✔protein-synthesizing structures
cell wall - answer✔organelle only present in some microbes; provides extra protection and
strength
prokaryotes - answer✔type of cell: some Bacteria and Archaea, have no membrane-enclosed
organelles; no nucleus
organelles - answer✔membrane-enclosed structures within a cell
eukaryotes - answer✔type of cell: some plants, animals, algae, protozoa, fungi; contains
organelles; has DNA-enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
genome - answer✔a cell's full complement of genes
linear chromosomes (and many more, up to billions of base pairs) - answer✔typical eukaryotic
DNA shape
circular chromosomes that aggregate in the nucleoid region - answer✔typical prokaryotic DNA
shape
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM
plasmids - answer✔extrachromosomal DNA that confers special properties (like antibiotic
resistance) (found in prokaryotes)
metabolism - answer✔the chemical transformation of nutrients
enzymes - answer✔protein catalysts
transcription - answer✔when DNA information is converted into RNA
translation - answer✔when RNA is used by ribosome to make protein
motility - answer✔when cells move by self-propulsion
differentiation - answer✔when microbes modify internal structures to form specialized cells
intercellular communication - answer✔when microbes respond to other microbes
activities of microbial cells - answer✔-metabolism
-motility
-differentiation
-intercellular communication
-evolution
-live in microbial communities
3.8-4.3 billion y.a. - answer✔When did the first cells appear on Earth?
~2.6 billion y.a. - answer✔When was O2 introduced to the Earth's atmosphere?
~3.6 billion y.a. - answer✔When did the first anoxygenic phototrophs appear?
~0.5 billion y.a. - answer✔When did plants and animals appear on Earth?
three domains (distinct lineages of microbial cells - answer✔-Bacteria (prok)
-Archaea (prok)
-Eukarya (euk)
LUCA - answer✔last universal common ancestor
extremophiles - answer✔organisms that live in habitats too harsh for other life forms (ex. hot
springs, glaciers, high salt, acidity, alkalinity, pressure)
10/3/2024 9:54 PM
Brock Biology of Microorganisms Chapter 1
Exam Questions With Correct Answers
Culture - answer✔cells grown in/on nutrient medium
medium - answer✔liquid/solid mixture containing all required nutrients
cell - answer✔living compartment that interacts with the environment and other cells
cytoplasmic (cell) membrane - answer✔barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the
outside environment
cytoplasm - answer✔aqueous mixture of macromolecules, small organics, ions, and ribosomes
inside the cell
ribosomes - answer✔protein-synthesizing structures
cell wall - answer✔organelle only present in some microbes; provides extra protection and
strength
prokaryotes - answer✔type of cell: some Bacteria and Archaea, have no membrane-enclosed
organelles; no nucleus
organelles - answer✔membrane-enclosed structures within a cell
eukaryotes - answer✔type of cell: some plants, animals, algae, protozoa, fungi; contains
organelles; has DNA-enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
genome - answer✔a cell's full complement of genes
linear chromosomes (and many more, up to billions of base pairs) - answer✔typical eukaryotic
DNA shape
circular chromosomes that aggregate in the nucleoid region - answer✔typical prokaryotic DNA
shape
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/3/2024 9:54 PM
plasmids - answer✔extrachromosomal DNA that confers special properties (like antibiotic
resistance) (found in prokaryotes)
metabolism - answer✔the chemical transformation of nutrients
enzymes - answer✔protein catalysts
transcription - answer✔when DNA information is converted into RNA
translation - answer✔when RNA is used by ribosome to make protein
motility - answer✔when cells move by self-propulsion
differentiation - answer✔when microbes modify internal structures to form specialized cells
intercellular communication - answer✔when microbes respond to other microbes
activities of microbial cells - answer✔-metabolism
-motility
-differentiation
-intercellular communication
-evolution
-live in microbial communities
3.8-4.3 billion y.a. - answer✔When did the first cells appear on Earth?
~2.6 billion y.a. - answer✔When was O2 introduced to the Earth's atmosphere?
~3.6 billion y.a. - answer✔When did the first anoxygenic phototrophs appear?
~0.5 billion y.a. - answer✔When did plants and animals appear on Earth?
three domains (distinct lineages of microbial cells - answer✔-Bacteria (prok)
-Archaea (prok)
-Eukarya (euk)
LUCA - answer✔last universal common ancestor
extremophiles - answer✔organisms that live in habitats too harsh for other life forms (ex. hot
springs, glaciers, high salt, acidity, alkalinity, pressure)
