AP European History Unit 1 Test Review
renaissance - answer a distinct awakening for Europeans after the "darkness" of the
Middle Ages during the fifteenth and sixteenth
individualism - answer emphasis on and interest in the unique traits for each person
secularism - answer the process of becoming more concerned with the world and less
on religion and spirituality
humanism - answer a literary and educational movement that was truly modern in that a
class of non-clerical writers concerned themselves with secular issues but based their
answers to current problems on the wisdom of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
virtu - answer “the quality of being a man"
christian humanism - answeran intellectual movement in Northern Europe in the late
15th and early 16th centuries that combined the interest in the classics of the Italian
renaissance, with an interest in the sources of early Christianity, including the New
Testament and writings of the church doctrines
printing press - answera machine that allowed for mass production of religious and
other literary titles
reading revolution - answercaused by the printing press, reading became an
individualized activity; books became cheaper, and ideas, propaganda, and education
stimulus were able to speed more quickly
mysticism - answerthe belief that an individual, alone, unaided by church or sacraments,
could commune with God
bourgeoisie - answerservant-keeping middle class of France
papal bull - answeran official proclamation that demanded Luther's recantation
predestination - answerthe idea that since God knows even before both whether a
person is saved or damned, there is nothing anyone can do to win salvation
civic humanism - answeran intellectual movement of the Italian renaissance that saw
Cierco as the ideal and held that humanists should be involved in government and use
rhetorical training in the service of the state.
, neoplatonism - answera revival of platonic philosophy; similar revival in the
Renaissance, associated with Ficino, who attempted to merge Christianity and
Platonism
hermeticism - answeran intellectual movement that thought that divinity is embodied in
all aspects of nature; included works on alchemy and magic as well as theology and
philosophy; later led to the Scientific Revolution
pantheism - answera doctrine that equates God with the universe and all that is in it
new monarchies - answerthe governments of France, England, and Spain at the end of
the 15th century, whose rulers succeeded in reestablishing or extending centralized
royal authority, suppressing the nobility, controlling the church, and insisting on the
loyalty of all peoples living in their territories
nepotism - answerthe appointment of family members to important political positions;
derived from the regular appointment of nephews (Latin, neons) by Renaissance popes
pluralism - answerthe practice of holding several church offices simultaneously; a
problem of the late medieval church
confession - answerone of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church; it provided for
the forgiveness of one's sins
justification - answeract by which a person is made deserving of salvation
transubstantiation - answera doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church that during the
Eucharist, the substance of bread and wine is miraculously transformed into the body
and blood of Jesus
millenarism - answerthe belief that the end of the world is at hand and the kingdom of
God is about to be established on Earth
huguenots - answerFrench Calvinists
politiques - answera group who emerged during the French Wars of religion in the 16th
century, placed politics above religion and believed that knowing the truth was worth
civil war
puritans - answerEnglish Protestants inspired by Calvinism who wished to remove all
traces of Catholicism from the church of England
Catholic Reformation - answerthe movement for the reform of the Catholic Church in the
16th century; included a review papacy; regeneration of old religious orders and new
ones, most notably the Jesuits; reaffirmation of the traditional Catholic doctrine
renaissance - answer a distinct awakening for Europeans after the "darkness" of the
Middle Ages during the fifteenth and sixteenth
individualism - answer emphasis on and interest in the unique traits for each person
secularism - answer the process of becoming more concerned with the world and less
on religion and spirituality
humanism - answer a literary and educational movement that was truly modern in that a
class of non-clerical writers concerned themselves with secular issues but based their
answers to current problems on the wisdom of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
virtu - answer “the quality of being a man"
christian humanism - answeran intellectual movement in Northern Europe in the late
15th and early 16th centuries that combined the interest in the classics of the Italian
renaissance, with an interest in the sources of early Christianity, including the New
Testament and writings of the church doctrines
printing press - answera machine that allowed for mass production of religious and
other literary titles
reading revolution - answercaused by the printing press, reading became an
individualized activity; books became cheaper, and ideas, propaganda, and education
stimulus were able to speed more quickly
mysticism - answerthe belief that an individual, alone, unaided by church or sacraments,
could commune with God
bourgeoisie - answerservant-keeping middle class of France
papal bull - answeran official proclamation that demanded Luther's recantation
predestination - answerthe idea that since God knows even before both whether a
person is saved or damned, there is nothing anyone can do to win salvation
civic humanism - answeran intellectual movement of the Italian renaissance that saw
Cierco as the ideal and held that humanists should be involved in government and use
rhetorical training in the service of the state.
, neoplatonism - answera revival of platonic philosophy; similar revival in the
Renaissance, associated with Ficino, who attempted to merge Christianity and
Platonism
hermeticism - answeran intellectual movement that thought that divinity is embodied in
all aspects of nature; included works on alchemy and magic as well as theology and
philosophy; later led to the Scientific Revolution
pantheism - answera doctrine that equates God with the universe and all that is in it
new monarchies - answerthe governments of France, England, and Spain at the end of
the 15th century, whose rulers succeeded in reestablishing or extending centralized
royal authority, suppressing the nobility, controlling the church, and insisting on the
loyalty of all peoples living in their territories
nepotism - answerthe appointment of family members to important political positions;
derived from the regular appointment of nephews (Latin, neons) by Renaissance popes
pluralism - answerthe practice of holding several church offices simultaneously; a
problem of the late medieval church
confession - answerone of the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church; it provided for
the forgiveness of one's sins
justification - answeract by which a person is made deserving of salvation
transubstantiation - answera doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church that during the
Eucharist, the substance of bread and wine is miraculously transformed into the body
and blood of Jesus
millenarism - answerthe belief that the end of the world is at hand and the kingdom of
God is about to be established on Earth
huguenots - answerFrench Calvinists
politiques - answera group who emerged during the French Wars of religion in the 16th
century, placed politics above religion and believed that knowing the truth was worth
civil war
puritans - answerEnglish Protestants inspired by Calvinism who wished to remove all
traces of Catholicism from the church of England
Catholic Reformation - answerthe movement for the reform of the Catholic Church in the
16th century; included a review papacy; regeneration of old religious orders and new
ones, most notably the Jesuits; reaffirmation of the traditional Catholic doctrine
