©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
NUR 410 Gerontological Nursing Exam 2
Questions And Correct Answers
Inadequate quality or quantity of sleep is associated with risks of what? - answer✔physical and
mental health
Inability to fall sleep, difficulty staying asleep, or premature waking are all known as -
answer✔insomnia
A condition characterized by at least five leg jerks or movements per hour during sleep -
answer✔nocturnal myoclonus
Nocturnal myoclonus is a condition characterized by at least _______ leg jerks or movements
per _______ during sleep - answer✔5; hour
What is phase advance? - answer✔falling asleep earlier in the evening and awakening earlier in
the morning
What is restless leg syndrome? - answer✔neurological disorder characterized by an
uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lies down
apnea is a disorder in which at least ______ episodes of cessation of breathing, lasting at least
_______ seconds, occur per hour of sleep, accompanied by
_________________________________ - answer✔5; 10; daytime sleepiness
Delay in the onset of sleep is known as - answer✔sleep latency
What characteristics of sleep are affected by age-related changes? - answer✔circadian sleep-
wake cycles
sleep architecture (stages)
sleep efficiency
sleep quality
T or F: In phase advance, the quantity of sleep changes - answer✔False. The quantity of sleep
does not change, but the hours in which it occurs may.
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
What intervention can be performed to push the circadian rhythm toward a later hour of sleep? -
answer✔increasing natural light
What intervention can be performed to accommodate the altered biorhythms of phase advance? -
answer✔adjusting schedules; scheduling throughout the day with plenty of rest in between
-older adults may find themselves nodding off during evening activities and wide awake in the
early morning hours
-schedule attention-requiring activities in the morning, and more relaxing activities in the
evening but pace and disperse activity throughout the day
What are important factors to consider when caring for older adults' sleep efficiency and quality
in institutions? - answer✔-sleep latency
-more sensitive to noise
-more likely to be awakened by having lights turned on
-more likely to be awakened by changes in room temp
Insufficient Stage ____ sleep can cause emotional dysfunction - answer✔IV and REM
What is the self-rating tool used to assess for sleep disturbances in the older adult? -
answer✔Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
What is a better predictor of suicide in older adults than depressive symptoms? - answer✔sleep
quality
Insomnia is a ____________ not a _______________ - answer✔symptom; condition/disease
Chronic insomnia - answer✔insomnia lasting 3 or more weeks
Nocturnal myoclonus is associated with - answer✔use of TCA and chronic renal failure
Alterations in dopamine and iron metabolism are believed to the causes of - answer✔restless leg
syndrome
What are some interventions that can help relieve restless leg syndrome for some individuals? -
answer✔-drinking water (dehydration worsens symptoms)
-massage
-application of heat or cold
-iron supplements
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
-dopaminergic drugs
-benzodiazepines
-opioids
-anticonvulsants
-adrenergics
prevalence of sleep apnea is 3 times greater in ____________; higher in persons who are
_____________________- - answer✔men; overweight or obese
central sleep apnea - answer✔defect in the central nervous system that affects the diaphragm
obstructive sleep apnea - answer✔blockage in the upper airway that interferes with normal air
flow
What should be avoided in patients with sleep apnea? - answer✔-sleeping in supine position
-alcohol and other drugs with depressant effects
Why should depressants be avoided in patients with sleep apnea? - answer✔they decrease the
respiratory drive and relaxes throat muscles therefore aggravating the problem
antihistamines carry a high risk of _____________________ in older adults so they should be
avoided - answer✔anticholinergic side effects
A sleep history includes - answer✔-time spent sleeping /napping
-quality of sleep
-medication review
-bedtime routines
-presence of sleep disturbances and if present, go in depth
Barbiturate use in older adults - answer✔utmost caution:
-CNS depressant
-can significantly depress some vital body functions
-lower basal metabolic rate
-decreases BP, mental activity, peristalsis to the point that other problems may develop
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
What must a nurse assess to identify nonpharmacologic measures to promote sleep in older
adults? - answer✔-rest and activity/mobility schedules
-sleep environment
-diet
What are some nonpharmacological interventions to promote sleep in older adults? - answer✔-
increase daytime activity to promote nighttime sleep
-consult physician about eliminating problem medications
-room temp between 70-75 deg. F
-stimulate sleep: soft music, TV, drink warm milk, white noise
-back rubs
-exposure to sunlight during the day
-warm bath at bedtime
-comfortable position
-quiet environment
-high protein/carbohydrate snack at bedtime
- Valerian root tea or herbal tincture (45min prior to bed)
-manage stress
3 measures to help older adults fall asleep naturally - answer✔1. regular exercise
2. exposure to sunlight during the day
3. noncaffeinated herbal teas at bedtime
What are compensatory measures to mange stress? - answer✔-respond to stress in a healthy
manner: good nutrition, rest, exercise, sound health practices
-manage lifestyle: to reduce stress of unpredictable situation
-relax
-pray: "unload" problems
Holistic perspective of comfort - answer✔a sense of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual
peace and well-being
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
NUR 410 Gerontological Nursing Exam 2
Questions And Correct Answers
Inadequate quality or quantity of sleep is associated with risks of what? - answer✔physical and
mental health
Inability to fall sleep, difficulty staying asleep, or premature waking are all known as -
answer✔insomnia
A condition characterized by at least five leg jerks or movements per hour during sleep -
answer✔nocturnal myoclonus
Nocturnal myoclonus is a condition characterized by at least _______ leg jerks or movements
per _______ during sleep - answer✔5; hour
What is phase advance? - answer✔falling asleep earlier in the evening and awakening earlier in
the morning
What is restless leg syndrome? - answer✔neurological disorder characterized by an
uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lies down
apnea is a disorder in which at least ______ episodes of cessation of breathing, lasting at least
_______ seconds, occur per hour of sleep, accompanied by
_________________________________ - answer✔5; 10; daytime sleepiness
Delay in the onset of sleep is known as - answer✔sleep latency
What characteristics of sleep are affected by age-related changes? - answer✔circadian sleep-
wake cycles
sleep architecture (stages)
sleep efficiency
sleep quality
T or F: In phase advance, the quantity of sleep changes - answer✔False. The quantity of sleep
does not change, but the hours in which it occurs may.
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
What intervention can be performed to push the circadian rhythm toward a later hour of sleep? -
answer✔increasing natural light
What intervention can be performed to accommodate the altered biorhythms of phase advance? -
answer✔adjusting schedules; scheduling throughout the day with plenty of rest in between
-older adults may find themselves nodding off during evening activities and wide awake in the
early morning hours
-schedule attention-requiring activities in the morning, and more relaxing activities in the
evening but pace and disperse activity throughout the day
What are important factors to consider when caring for older adults' sleep efficiency and quality
in institutions? - answer✔-sleep latency
-more sensitive to noise
-more likely to be awakened by having lights turned on
-more likely to be awakened by changes in room temp
Insufficient Stage ____ sleep can cause emotional dysfunction - answer✔IV and REM
What is the self-rating tool used to assess for sleep disturbances in the older adult? -
answer✔Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
What is a better predictor of suicide in older adults than depressive symptoms? - answer✔sleep
quality
Insomnia is a ____________ not a _______________ - answer✔symptom; condition/disease
Chronic insomnia - answer✔insomnia lasting 3 or more weeks
Nocturnal myoclonus is associated with - answer✔use of TCA and chronic renal failure
Alterations in dopamine and iron metabolism are believed to the causes of - answer✔restless leg
syndrome
What are some interventions that can help relieve restless leg syndrome for some individuals? -
answer✔-drinking water (dehydration worsens symptoms)
-massage
-application of heat or cold
-iron supplements
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
-dopaminergic drugs
-benzodiazepines
-opioids
-anticonvulsants
-adrenergics
prevalence of sleep apnea is 3 times greater in ____________; higher in persons who are
_____________________- - answer✔men; overweight or obese
central sleep apnea - answer✔defect in the central nervous system that affects the diaphragm
obstructive sleep apnea - answer✔blockage in the upper airway that interferes with normal air
flow
What should be avoided in patients with sleep apnea? - answer✔-sleeping in supine position
-alcohol and other drugs with depressant effects
Why should depressants be avoided in patients with sleep apnea? - answer✔they decrease the
respiratory drive and relaxes throat muscles therefore aggravating the problem
antihistamines carry a high risk of _____________________ in older adults so they should be
avoided - answer✔anticholinergic side effects
A sleep history includes - answer✔-time spent sleeping /napping
-quality of sleep
-medication review
-bedtime routines
-presence of sleep disturbances and if present, go in depth
Barbiturate use in older adults - answer✔utmost caution:
-CNS depressant
-can significantly depress some vital body functions
-lower basal metabolic rate
-decreases BP, mental activity, peristalsis to the point that other problems may develop
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/14/2024 11:14 PM
What must a nurse assess to identify nonpharmacologic measures to promote sleep in older
adults? - answer✔-rest and activity/mobility schedules
-sleep environment
-diet
What are some nonpharmacological interventions to promote sleep in older adults? - answer✔-
increase daytime activity to promote nighttime sleep
-consult physician about eliminating problem medications
-room temp between 70-75 deg. F
-stimulate sleep: soft music, TV, drink warm milk, white noise
-back rubs
-exposure to sunlight during the day
-warm bath at bedtime
-comfortable position
-quiet environment
-high protein/carbohydrate snack at bedtime
- Valerian root tea or herbal tincture (45min prior to bed)
-manage stress
3 measures to help older adults fall asleep naturally - answer✔1. regular exercise
2. exposure to sunlight during the day
3. noncaffeinated herbal teas at bedtime
What are compensatory measures to mange stress? - answer✔-respond to stress in a healthy
manner: good nutrition, rest, exercise, sound health practices
-manage lifestyle: to reduce stress of unpredictable situation
-relax
-pray: "unload" problems
Holistic perspective of comfort - answer✔a sense of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual
peace and well-being
