TNCC study guide with correct answers
. Describe the signs and symptoms of common chemical, biologic, radioactive, and
explosive agents. - correct ansewr.pg 318
3 impacts in a MVC - correct ansewr.1. vehicle hits another object: occupant =
acceleration
2. occupant collides with interior of vehicle: internal organs continue
3. internal structure collide with body
4 main types of traumatic injury - correct ansewr.1. blunt trauma- falls; mvc; trauma
2. penetrating- stabing; GSW
3. Thermal
4. Blast Trauma- bomb
4. List the three components of the trauma triad of death. - correct ansewr.Acidosis
hypothermial
coagulopathy
5 forms of energy that exist - correct ansewr.1. Mechanical- energy transfer from one
object to another in form of motion
2. thermal-heat transfer from environment to host
3. chemical- heat energy trnsfer from active chemical substances such as chlorine,
drain cleaner, acids
4. electrical- energy transfer from light socket
,5. radiant- energy transfer from blast sound waves, nuclear, rays from the sn
5 mechanisms of injury in a blast trauma - correct ansewr.Primary: blast injury; air-filled
organs at risk to rupture
secondary: fragment injuries; puncture wounds; lacerations
tertiary: impacts with larger objectes propelled by the blast win causing blunt trauma
quaternary: heat/flame/gas and smoke
quinary: exposure to hazardous materials (radioactive)
7. Which lab value is unique to the administration of large amounts of banked blood and
why? - correct ansewr.Calcium b/c blood bank adds citrate to blood and citrate binds to
calcium. Calcium is important for clotting
*significant if pt needs more than 1 unit of blood Q5 minutes
8. What criteria allow the trauma patient cervical spinal clearance using NEXUS? -
correct ansewr.-no posterior midline cervical spine tenderness
-no evidence of intoxication is present
the pt has a normal level of alertness
-no focal neurologic deficit is present
-the pt does not have a painful distracting injury
Abrasion vs abulsion - correct ansewr.partial or full thickness wounds that denues the
skin (road rash)
avulsion: full-thickness wounds. Edges are not well approximated
Assessment of airway - correct ansewr.Insect for tongue obstruction; loose/missing
teeth;
foreign objects;
blood, vomit, secretion;
edema
inhalation injury;
listen for gurgling/snoring/stridor;
palpate for occlusive maxillofacial bony deformity; subcutaneous emphysema
Biomechanics - correct ansewr.general study of forces and their effects
Characterisitcs of an effective team - correct ansewr.dynamic
interdependent
adaptive
, common goal
COMMUNICATION
COOPERATION
COORDINATION
Compensated shock - correct ansewr.1. anxiety, lethargy, confusion, and restless
2. systolic BP = normal
3. rising diastolic BP = narrowed pulse pressure
4. bounding & tachy pulse
5. increased resp. rate
6. decreased urinary output
deceleration vs acceleration forces - correct ansewr.-Deceleration: injury that occurs as
pt slows down
acceleration injury: injury that occurs as a result of other parts of the body stopping
before the organs do (concussion; shearing of aorta)
Decompensated shock - correct ansewr.1. LOC deteriorates
2. systolic BP= normal or a little lower
3. narrowing pulse pressure
4. tachycardia >100bpm
5. weak and thready pulse
6. rapid and shallow resp.
7. cool, clammy, cyanotic skin
8. base excess not within nomral range of -2 to +2
9. serum lactate levels greater than 2-4
Define an unstable pelvic fracture and list the presenting clinical findings. - correct
ansewr.2+ fractures of the pelvic ring that have outward rotaional displacement
assessment: shortening of the leg; external rotation of the leg; blood at the urinary
meatus or hematuria; pelvic instability/pain; unexplained hypotension or evidence of
hypovolemic shock
Define and list three types of primary brain injury. - correct ansewr.skull and craniofacial
fractures
intracranial lesions
lacerations, tearing, shearing and bleeding into brain
Define and provide assessment findings for postconcussive syndrome - correct
ansewr.may develop days or months following injury
nausea
dizziness and persistent headache
. Describe the signs and symptoms of common chemical, biologic, radioactive, and
explosive agents. - correct ansewr.pg 318
3 impacts in a MVC - correct ansewr.1. vehicle hits another object: occupant =
acceleration
2. occupant collides with interior of vehicle: internal organs continue
3. internal structure collide with body
4 main types of traumatic injury - correct ansewr.1. blunt trauma- falls; mvc; trauma
2. penetrating- stabing; GSW
3. Thermal
4. Blast Trauma- bomb
4. List the three components of the trauma triad of death. - correct ansewr.Acidosis
hypothermial
coagulopathy
5 forms of energy that exist - correct ansewr.1. Mechanical- energy transfer from one
object to another in form of motion
2. thermal-heat transfer from environment to host
3. chemical- heat energy trnsfer from active chemical substances such as chlorine,
drain cleaner, acids
4. electrical- energy transfer from light socket
,5. radiant- energy transfer from blast sound waves, nuclear, rays from the sn
5 mechanisms of injury in a blast trauma - correct ansewr.Primary: blast injury; air-filled
organs at risk to rupture
secondary: fragment injuries; puncture wounds; lacerations
tertiary: impacts with larger objectes propelled by the blast win causing blunt trauma
quaternary: heat/flame/gas and smoke
quinary: exposure to hazardous materials (radioactive)
7. Which lab value is unique to the administration of large amounts of banked blood and
why? - correct ansewr.Calcium b/c blood bank adds citrate to blood and citrate binds to
calcium. Calcium is important for clotting
*significant if pt needs more than 1 unit of blood Q5 minutes
8. What criteria allow the trauma patient cervical spinal clearance using NEXUS? -
correct ansewr.-no posterior midline cervical spine tenderness
-no evidence of intoxication is present
the pt has a normal level of alertness
-no focal neurologic deficit is present
-the pt does not have a painful distracting injury
Abrasion vs abulsion - correct ansewr.partial or full thickness wounds that denues the
skin (road rash)
avulsion: full-thickness wounds. Edges are not well approximated
Assessment of airway - correct ansewr.Insect for tongue obstruction; loose/missing
teeth;
foreign objects;
blood, vomit, secretion;
edema
inhalation injury;
listen for gurgling/snoring/stridor;
palpate for occlusive maxillofacial bony deformity; subcutaneous emphysema
Biomechanics - correct ansewr.general study of forces and their effects
Characterisitcs of an effective team - correct ansewr.dynamic
interdependent
adaptive
, common goal
COMMUNICATION
COOPERATION
COORDINATION
Compensated shock - correct ansewr.1. anxiety, lethargy, confusion, and restless
2. systolic BP = normal
3. rising diastolic BP = narrowed pulse pressure
4. bounding & tachy pulse
5. increased resp. rate
6. decreased urinary output
deceleration vs acceleration forces - correct ansewr.-Deceleration: injury that occurs as
pt slows down
acceleration injury: injury that occurs as a result of other parts of the body stopping
before the organs do (concussion; shearing of aorta)
Decompensated shock - correct ansewr.1. LOC deteriorates
2. systolic BP= normal or a little lower
3. narrowing pulse pressure
4. tachycardia >100bpm
5. weak and thready pulse
6. rapid and shallow resp.
7. cool, clammy, cyanotic skin
8. base excess not within nomral range of -2 to +2
9. serum lactate levels greater than 2-4
Define an unstable pelvic fracture and list the presenting clinical findings. - correct
ansewr.2+ fractures of the pelvic ring that have outward rotaional displacement
assessment: shortening of the leg; external rotation of the leg; blood at the urinary
meatus or hematuria; pelvic instability/pain; unexplained hypotension or evidence of
hypovolemic shock
Define and list three types of primary brain injury. - correct ansewr.skull and craniofacial
fractures
intracranial lesions
lacerations, tearing, shearing and bleeding into brain
Define and provide assessment findings for postconcussive syndrome - correct
ansewr.may develop days or months following injury
nausea
dizziness and persistent headache
