ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE CHAPTER
16-18 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Pollution - ANSWER the presence in or introduction into environment of a substance which are harmful
or poisonous effects
Pollutant - ANSWER It is noxious or poisonous
Water pollution - ANSWER Placing in or on, or otherwise introducing into or onto, waters any matter,
whether solid, liquid or gaseous, so that the physical, chemical or biological condition of the waters is
changed
Waste - ANSWER a material, substance, or by-product eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or
required after the completion of a process
Contamination - ANSWER is simply the presence of a substance where it does not naturally occur or is
found at concentrations above background levels
True - ANSWER All pollutants are contaminants, but not all contaminants are pollutants.
Light Pollution - ANSWER Light from cities and towns at night that interferes with astronomical
observation
Noise Pollution - ANSWER Continuous or recurrent noise that is loud enough to be annoying or physically
harmful
Thermal Pollution - ANSWER Heat from hot water that is discharged form a power plant or factory into a
river or lake, where it can kill or endanger aquatic life
Pollutant sink - ANSWER a process or place that removes, stores or absorbs the pollutant
, Human Activity - ANSWER not only adding greater amounts of some pollutants to the environment, it is
also slowing down or decreasing the action of some sinks
Direct Pollution - ANSWER discharging a pollutant directly to the environment
Indirect Pollution - ANSWER occurs when a pollutant finds its way indirectly into an environment.
Point Source Emissions - ANSWER Emissions released from a single identifiable point, specified site or
location, for example, a factory chimney stack,a. pipe releasing liquid waste, a gas leak from a cylinder,
an exhaust pipe from car, an oil leak from tank
Diffuse Source Emissions - ANSWER Emissions are released into the environment from many points, not
just one, for example, fertiliser on a paddock, cars along a freeway, house chimneys throughout a
suburb, building sites in a housing development
Fugitive Emissions - ANSWER escape from a variety of points around a building. For example, to control
odour from a food-processing factory, the company may install exhaust fans and vent the emissions
through appropriate pollution control devices. However, if a worker opens some windows or doors to let
air in, then the odour can escape from these sources. These emissions are difficult to control through the
installation and operation of pollution control devices.
Mobile Emissions - ANSWER come from mobile sources. The motor vehicle is the most common source
of mobile emissions. Howver, unlike fugitive emissions, mobile emissions can be controlled relatively
easilty by the installation of polution control devices.
Air circulation - ANSWER transport air pollutants
Water cycle - ANSWER transport water through the movement of streams, run--off and tidal currents.
Point source - ANSWER A chimney emitting smoke from a factory is a point/diffuse source of pollution
Fugitive emission - ANSWER A leak from an underground sewage pipe would be a fugitive/mobile
emissions
16-18 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
SOLUTIONS 2024
Pollution - ANSWER the presence in or introduction into environment of a substance which are harmful
or poisonous effects
Pollutant - ANSWER It is noxious or poisonous
Water pollution - ANSWER Placing in or on, or otherwise introducing into or onto, waters any matter,
whether solid, liquid or gaseous, so that the physical, chemical or biological condition of the waters is
changed
Waste - ANSWER a material, substance, or by-product eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or
required after the completion of a process
Contamination - ANSWER is simply the presence of a substance where it does not naturally occur or is
found at concentrations above background levels
True - ANSWER All pollutants are contaminants, but not all contaminants are pollutants.
Light Pollution - ANSWER Light from cities and towns at night that interferes with astronomical
observation
Noise Pollution - ANSWER Continuous or recurrent noise that is loud enough to be annoying or physically
harmful
Thermal Pollution - ANSWER Heat from hot water that is discharged form a power plant or factory into a
river or lake, where it can kill or endanger aquatic life
Pollutant sink - ANSWER a process or place that removes, stores or absorbs the pollutant
, Human Activity - ANSWER not only adding greater amounts of some pollutants to the environment, it is
also slowing down or decreasing the action of some sinks
Direct Pollution - ANSWER discharging a pollutant directly to the environment
Indirect Pollution - ANSWER occurs when a pollutant finds its way indirectly into an environment.
Point Source Emissions - ANSWER Emissions released from a single identifiable point, specified site or
location, for example, a factory chimney stack,a. pipe releasing liquid waste, a gas leak from a cylinder,
an exhaust pipe from car, an oil leak from tank
Diffuse Source Emissions - ANSWER Emissions are released into the environment from many points, not
just one, for example, fertiliser on a paddock, cars along a freeway, house chimneys throughout a
suburb, building sites in a housing development
Fugitive Emissions - ANSWER escape from a variety of points around a building. For example, to control
odour from a food-processing factory, the company may install exhaust fans and vent the emissions
through appropriate pollution control devices. However, if a worker opens some windows or doors to let
air in, then the odour can escape from these sources. These emissions are difficult to control through the
installation and operation of pollution control devices.
Mobile Emissions - ANSWER come from mobile sources. The motor vehicle is the most common source
of mobile emissions. Howver, unlike fugitive emissions, mobile emissions can be controlled relatively
easilty by the installation of polution control devices.
Air circulation - ANSWER transport air pollutants
Water cycle - ANSWER transport water through the movement of streams, run--off and tidal currents.
Point source - ANSWER A chimney emitting smoke from a factory is a point/diffuse source of pollution
Fugitive emission - ANSWER A leak from an underground sewage pipe would be a fugitive/mobile
emissions
