MCB 2610 Exam 4 Question and answers verified to pass 2024/2025

MCB 2610 Exam 4 (Final)
I. METABOLISM - correct answer ✔Catabolism


What is Catabolism? - correct answer ✔Breakdown of molecules for energy,
reducing potential, and building blocks.
- store energy in form of ATP


What bond stores the energy in ATP? - correct answer ✔phosphoanhydide
bond


3 Methods to make ATP - correct answer ✔Substrate-level phosphorylation
(Kinases!)
Photophosphorylation (Uses light energy)
Ox phosphorylation (flow of e- thru ETC powers ATP synthase)


How Many ATP produced during metabolism? - correct answer ✔Glycolysis
= 2 (sub-level)
TCA = 2 (sub-level)
ETC+ATP Synthase = 34 (Ox phosphorylation)


Total: 38 ATP/glucose molecule


substrate-level phosphorylation - correct answer ✔Enzymatically coupled rxn
producing ATP


Transfer of phosphate group from a reactive intermediate generated during
catabolism to ADP

,Where does substrate level phosphorylation occur? - correct answer
✔Heterotrophs, cytoplasm
Aerobic or Anaerobic
Glycolysis and TCA cycle


What is the catabolic starting susbtrate? - correct answer ✔Glucose
- important for organization of catabolic pathways


Chemoorganotrophic Catabolic Pathway - correct answer ✔Use organic
bonds for energy and e-


Proteins => AA
Polysaccharides => glycolysis => pyruvate
Phospholipids => glycerol + FA


AA, pyruvate, FA+glycerol => Acetyl CoA => TCA


Catabolic Pathways - correct answer ✔Enzyme catalyzed reactions


Product of one reaction serves as the substrate for the next (precursor
metabolites/building blocks)


Pathways also provide materials for biosynthesis


Integration of pathways - correct answer ✔1. Metabolic Efficiency
2. Shuttle everything to multiple pathways

,Amphibolic pathways - correct answer ✔Catabolism + Anabolism
Reversible enzymes


Examples
1. Embden-Meyerhof Pathway (Glycolysis)
2. Pentose Phosphate Pathway


Aerobic Respiration - correct answer ✔Completely catabolize an organic
source to CO2
Produce ATP and high energy e- carriers
Full oxidation (glucose => ATP)


Ex: Glycolytic pathways, TCA, ETC


3 Ways to Convert Glucose => Pyruvate - correct answer ✔1. Embden-
Meyerhof Pathway
2. Pentose Phosphate Pathway
3. Entner-Duodoroff Pathway (G- bacteria)


Glycolysis - correct answer ✔Most common pathway for glucose degradation
to pyruvate


Functions in presence/absence of O2


What are the 2 phases of glycolysis? - correct answer ✔Energy investment
phase (ATP investment, 6C)

, - Glucose => G-6-P + ADP (Hexokinase)
- F-6-P => F-1,6-BP + ADP (PFK-1)


Energy payoff phase (ATP generation, 3C)
- 1,3-BPG => 3-phospholycerate + ATP (Phosphoglycerate Kinase)
- PEP => pyruvate + ATP (Pyruvate Kinase)


addition of a phosphate group in glycolysis - correct answer ✔Primes the
pump to generate ATP
Makes molecules more reactive
G => G-6-P
F-6-P => F-1,6-BP


Which step of glycolysis signals end of ATP investment phase? - correct
answer ✔F-6-P => F-1,6-BP


oxidation step of glycolysis - correct answer ✔Generates NADH and 1,3-
BPG


1,3-BPG - correct answer ✔High energy molecule used to synthesize ATP
via sub-level phosphorylation.


1,3-BPG => 3-phospholycerate + ATP (Phosphoylcerate Kinase)
PEP => pyruvate + ATP (Pyruvate Kinase)


Summary Reaction of Glycolysis - correct answer ✔NET products: 2
pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2NADH