BTE 210 Final Exam Professor Korogodsky/exam study guide/questions and answers/verified A+

BTE 210 Final Exam Professor Korogodsky/exam study guide/questions and answers/verified A+ Types of Computers - correct answers-supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers (midrange computers), Desktop PC, thin client systems, and Laptop + Notebook What is a supercomputer? - correct answers-It is the fastest computer available at any given time; high costs so normally used by large organization for big data sets, ex: military, weather, science What is a mainframe computer? - correct answers-At the high end of performance and reliability; can handle millions of transactions per day What is a midrange (minicomputer)? - correct answers-Larger midrange computer that are relatively small, inexpensive, and compact; perform the same function as mainframe, but to a more limited extent What is a desktop PC? - correct answers-Microcomputer system for business and home, includes a CPU and a separate but connected monitor and keyboard What is a thin-client system? - correct answers-don't offer full functionality of a PC, don't have locally installed software, cheaper, physically they are very similar to a laptop What is a laptop/notebook? - correct answers-small, easily transportable, lightweight microcomputers that fit comfortably into a briefcase. Lightweight, energy-efficient, portable. Netbooks are generally optimized for Internet-based services such as Web browsing and e-mail. What is a microcomputer? - correct answers-PCs, smallest and least expensive What are information systems? - correct answers-Can be divided into three phases - input (input devices), process (processor), and output (output devices) INPUT —> PROCESS —> OUTPUT What does an information system consist of? - correct answers-CPU, Communications Devices, Secondary Storage (Magnetic Disk, Optical Disk, and Magnetic Tape), Primary Storage, Output Devices, Input Devices, Buses (wires that connect components of the motherboard) What are examples of input devices? - correct answers-Keyboard, Mouse, Webcam, Microphone, Scanner, Numeric Pad What are examples of output devices? - correct answers-Printers, Video display, audio output, plotter (large-format printer) What are the main components of a computer? - correct answers-System Fan, Power Supply, Motherboard, CPU, Ram Modules, Optical Drive, Hard Drive, Heat Sink, Floppy What is the CPU (Central Processing Unit)? - correct answers--Manipulates the data and control the tasks performed by the other components -The "brain" of the computer system is called the "central processing unit What does the CPU consist of? - correct answers-Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)-simple math and logic: comparison Control Unit (CU)- controls all computer parts Cache Memory- registers on cache are where computation takes place What is the primary storage? - correct answers-It temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing; RAM, ROM software operates here Types of primary memory (main memory) - correct answers-register memory - part of the CPU. Has the least capacity and stores data only immediately before and after processing. located closer to CPU than the RAM cache memory - High speed memory that enables the computer to temporarily store blocks of data that are used more frequently random access memory (RAM) - holds a software program and small amounts of data for processing read only memory (ROM) - type of chip where certain critical instructions are held and retains these instructions even when the computer is off MANUFACTURER INSTALLS THIS Types of secondary storage - correct answers-Magnetic tape - on a large open reel or in a smaller cartridge or cassette magnetic discs - most widely used solid state drives (SSD) - serve the same purpose as a hard drive and store data in memory chips, but do not have moving parts Optical storage devices - laser reads the surface of a reflective plastic platter Flash memory (memory cards) - nonvolatile electronic storage devices with no moving parts and use 30x less battery power than hard drives SSD vs. HDD - correct answers-SSD no moving parts (less likely to break ) - Faster than HDD - more expensive - lighter - run cooler than HDD , lower power consumption than HDD. What are communication devices? - correct answers-Bluetooth, etc. What is a heat sink? - correct answers-A specially designed piece of metal that draws heat away from the CPU. What are RAM modules? - correct answers-They are on the motherboard in either 8 GB or 16 GB configuration What is RAM (Random Access Memory)? - correct answers-The hardware in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor What is ROM (Read Only Memory)? - correct answers-memory chips that cannot be written to or erased and contains information supplied by the manufacturer What is the secondary storage? - correct answers-It stores data and programs for future use; where data is stored (magnetic disk, optical disk, magnetic tape), spins clockwise and counter clock wise and magnetic arms expands and contracts looking for files What is a bit? - correct answers-The smallest unit of information consisting of either a 1 or a 0, on/off switch How many bits are in a byte? - correct answers-8 What is a byte? - correct answers-a group of 8 bits; SMALLEST ADDRESSABLE UNIT OF DATA Who created the binary alphabet? - correct answers-ASCII Conversions of bytes and bits - correct answers-1 byte = 8 bits 1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte 1024 kilobytes = 1 megabyte Megabyte - Gigabyte - Terabyte - Petabyte - Exabyte - Zettabyte What is a software program? - correct answers-A series of statements or instructions to the computer What are the two main types of computer software? - correct answers-system software and application software What are the three classes of SYSTEM SOFTWARE? - correct answers-System management program, system support programs, and system development programs What are the two classes of APPLICATION SOFTWARE? - correct answers-General purpose application and application-specific programs What is system software? - correct answers-Software used to manage and control the operation of the computer. It doesn't perform a task for the user (Ex: Operating systems, Programming languages, and system preferences) What is application software? - correct answers-end user software that is used to accomplish a variety of tasks (Ex: Word, Excel, PowerPoint) Consists of instructions that direct a computer system to perform specificinformation-processing activities and to provide functionality for users. What is the most essential type of system software? - correct answers-OS What is multitasking in an operating system? - correct answers-Process of executing multiple tasks simultaneously. This maximizes the use of the CPU How is multitasking accomplished? - correct answers-Multiprocessing and multithreading What is multiprocessing? - correct answers-the running of two or more programs or sequences of instructions simultaneously by a computer with more than one central processor. (DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS) What is multithreading? - correct answers-ability to run several parts of the program in parallel, so you can subdivide specific operations within a single app into individual threads that run in parallel (SAME APPLICATION) What is personal application software? - correct answers-o Spreadsheets, Data Processing, Graphics, Finance, Etc. What is proprietary software? - correct answers-Software that legally remains the intellectual property of a specific company- The source code is not freely available, and the software isn't free What is commercial software? - correct answers-CRM, ERP, etc. What are the two ways of legal software use? - correct answers-1. Software Licensing (buy software from a provider) 2. Open-Source (software that developers put out and you can use it at your own risk) What is a computer netw