N305 - Heart Failure questions with correct answers
What is heart failure? Correct Answer-Syndrome characterized by
inability of myocardium to pump enough blood to meet body's demands
Response to cardiac dysfunction
NOT an event - a long-term chronic condition that progressively
worsens over time
What are the two most common causes of heart failure? Correct Answer-
Coronary artery disease (affects vessel integrity, heart muscle dies from
ischemia)
Hypertension (contracting against high pressure leads to maladaptive
mechanisms)
What 3 major systems are recruited when myocardial injury occurs?
Correct Answer-Sympathetic nervous system
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Natriuretic peptide system
What are some compensation mechanisms that occur during heart
failure? Correct Answer-Elevated SNS activity (increase HR and
contractility)
Increase blood volume (RAAS)
Dilation of the ventricle (take in more blood volume)
, Ventricular hypertrophy (increase muscle mass)
What is the Frank starling mechanism? Correct Answer-Increased
stretch in ventricles to initially increase CO, but results in stretched
myocardium that does not function as well
What counter-regulatory mechanisms are seen in the natriuretic peptide
system during heart failure? Correct Answer-Brain naturetic peptide
(BNP) and atrial natiretic pepetide (ANP) released in response to
myocardial stress and volume expansion
Diuretic and hypotensive effects via RAAS inhibition
What effect does increased diastolic pressure have on the heart? Correct
Answer-Promotes congestion and edema in venous circulation
How does vasoconstriction affect the heart? Correct Answer-Depresses
cardaic function
Enhances rate of deterioration of the myocardium
How do increased contractility, HR and vasoconstriction affect the
coronary arteries? Correct Answer-Provokes coronary ischemia
Which compensation mechanism contributes to myocardial hypertrophy
and fibrosis? Correct Answer-Release of:
What is heart failure? Correct Answer-Syndrome characterized by
inability of myocardium to pump enough blood to meet body's demands
Response to cardiac dysfunction
NOT an event - a long-term chronic condition that progressively
worsens over time
What are the two most common causes of heart failure? Correct Answer-
Coronary artery disease (affects vessel integrity, heart muscle dies from
ischemia)
Hypertension (contracting against high pressure leads to maladaptive
mechanisms)
What 3 major systems are recruited when myocardial injury occurs?
Correct Answer-Sympathetic nervous system
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Natriuretic peptide system
What are some compensation mechanisms that occur during heart
failure? Correct Answer-Elevated SNS activity (increase HR and
contractility)
Increase blood volume (RAAS)
Dilation of the ventricle (take in more blood volume)
, Ventricular hypertrophy (increase muscle mass)
What is the Frank starling mechanism? Correct Answer-Increased
stretch in ventricles to initially increase CO, but results in stretched
myocardium that does not function as well
What counter-regulatory mechanisms are seen in the natriuretic peptide
system during heart failure? Correct Answer-Brain naturetic peptide
(BNP) and atrial natiretic pepetide (ANP) released in response to
myocardial stress and volume expansion
Diuretic and hypotensive effects via RAAS inhibition
What effect does increased diastolic pressure have on the heart? Correct
Answer-Promotes congestion and edema in venous circulation
How does vasoconstriction affect the heart? Correct Answer-Depresses
cardaic function
Enhances rate of deterioration of the myocardium
How do increased contractility, HR and vasoconstriction affect the
coronary arteries? Correct Answer-Provokes coronary ischemia
Which compensation mechanism contributes to myocardial hypertrophy
and fibrosis? Correct Answer-Release of:
