VAP EXAM
Define Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). - ANSPneumonia occurring
48 hours or more after endotracheal intubation and initiation of mechanical
ventilation. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by infectious agents not
present or incubating at the time of MV.
What is early onset VAP? - ANSVAP that occurs within the first 48 hours of
MV.
What is late onset VAP? - ANSVAP that develops 5 days or more after the
initiation of MV.
What is the etiology of VAP? - ANSPathogens and treatment for VAP are
closely related to HCAP. Pneumonia rates are increased 10-fold over patients with
no respiratory devices and increased 21-fold higher for patients treated with
continuous ventilatory support than for not receiving MV.
What percentage of patients in the ICU on the average day have VAP? -
ANS40% of patients
What are some risk factors for VAP? - ANSColonization of the oropharnyx
with pathogenic microorganisms
Aspiration or organisms from oropharnyx into lower respiratory tract
Compromise of normal host defense
Prolonged (>48 hours) MV
Antibiotic selection pressure - place patients all some type of antibiotic but
doesn't cover the organism
Cross-infection from other patients
Colonized equipment
Malnutrition
What are some infection control strategies for VAP? - ANSHand washing
Semi-recumbent positioning
Avoidance of large gastric volumes
Oral intubation
Subglottal suctioning
Routine maintenance of ventilator circuits
Types of suction catheters
Humidification
Postural Changes
Define Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). - ANSPneumonia occurring
48 hours or more after endotracheal intubation and initiation of mechanical
ventilation. Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by infectious agents not
present or incubating at the time of MV.
What is early onset VAP? - ANSVAP that occurs within the first 48 hours of
MV.
What is late onset VAP? - ANSVAP that develops 5 days or more after the
initiation of MV.
What is the etiology of VAP? - ANSPathogens and treatment for VAP are
closely related to HCAP. Pneumonia rates are increased 10-fold over patients with
no respiratory devices and increased 21-fold higher for patients treated with
continuous ventilatory support than for not receiving MV.
What percentage of patients in the ICU on the average day have VAP? -
ANS40% of patients
What are some risk factors for VAP? - ANSColonization of the oropharnyx
with pathogenic microorganisms
Aspiration or organisms from oropharnyx into lower respiratory tract
Compromise of normal host defense
Prolonged (>48 hours) MV
Antibiotic selection pressure - place patients all some type of antibiotic but
doesn't cover the organism
Cross-infection from other patients
Colonized equipment
Malnutrition
What are some infection control strategies for VAP? - ANSHand washing
Semi-recumbent positioning
Avoidance of large gastric volumes
Oral intubation
Subglottal suctioning
Routine maintenance of ventilator circuits
Types of suction catheters
Humidification
Postural Changes
