Bsc 2085 Lecture 7 Notes

LECTURE 7 STUDY GUIDE

•The human skeleton consists of roughly 206 named bones

•Grouped into two principal divisions:
–Axial skeleton
–Appendicular skeleton

Axial Skeleton
- Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs, sternum
(breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column

appendicular skeleton
- consists of the bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities)


There are two major types of surface markings:
–Depressions and openings
•Allow the passage of blood vessels and nerves
•Form joints
Processes
•Projections or outgrowths that form joints
•Serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons

•There are 80 bones in the central (axial) skeleton

•These bone comprise the:
–Skull
–Vertebral column (including the
sacrum)
–Ribs
–Sternum

•The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories:
–Cranial bones
–Facial bones

•8 Cranial Bones
(Bones of the Braincase)

, –Frontal bone (1)
–Parietal bone (2)
–Temporal bone (2)
–Occipital bone (1)
–Sphenoid bone (1)
–Ethmoid bone (1)


•14 Facial Bones
–Mandible (1)
–Maxilla (2)
–Zygomatic bone (2)
–Nasal bones (2)
–Lacrimal bones (2)
–Palatine bones (2)
–Inf. Nasal conchae (2)
–Vomer (1)

•The braincase (neurocranium) has 8 bones:
•frontal,
•occipital (not shown)
•ethmoid
•sphenoid bone
•paired temporal
•parietal bones.