Pathoma Chapter 3- Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
What do adenomas/adenocarcinomas produce? Correct Ans-Glands
What do papillomas/papillary carcinomas produce? Correct Ans-Papillary fingerlike
structures
What is a papillary finger-like structure that characterizes papilloma and papillary carcinoma?
Correct Ans-Overgrowth of epithelial cells that overlies a connective tissue core with a
blood vessel in the center
Benign tumor of mesenchymal fat tissue Correct Ans-Lipoma (benign tumor of fat)
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal fat tissue Correct Ans-Liposarcoma (always ends in -
sarcoma)
Benign tumor of mesenchymal bone tissue Correct Ans-Osteoma
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal bone tissue Correct Ans-Osteosarcoma
Benign tumor of mesenchymal cartilagenous tissue Correct Ans-Chondroma
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cartilagenous tissue Correct Ans-Chondrosarcoma
, Pathoma Chapter 3- Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
Benign tumor of mesenchymal blood vessel tissue Correct Ans-Angioma
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal blood vessel tissue Correct Ans-Angiosarcoma
Benign tumor of lymphocytes Correct Ans-Does not exist
What are the two malignant types of lymphocyte neoplasia? Correct Ans-Lymphoma or
leukemia
Benign tumor of melanocytes Correct Ans-Nevus (mole)
Malignant tumor of melanocytes Correct Ans-Melanoma
What is the second leading cause of death in adults and children? Correct Ans-Cancer
Name the top three causes of death in adults Correct Ans-1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Cancer
3. Chronic respiratory disease (or cerebrovascular disease)
Name the top three causes of death in children Correct Ans-1. Accidents
, Pathoma Chapter 3- Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
2. Cancer
3. Congenital defects
What are the most common cancers by INCIDENCE in adults (excluding squamous cell
carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin) Correct Ans-1. Breast/prostate
2. Lung
3. Colorectal
What three features distinguish neoplasia from hyperplasia and repair? Correct Ans-
Unregulated, irreversible, and monoclonal
Monoclonal Definition Correct Ans-All the (neoplastic) cells are derived form a single
mother cell
How was clonality historically determined? Correct Ans-Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase enzyme isoforms (also androgen receptor isoforms); both are on the X
chromosome
What is the ratio of G6PD isoforms in hyperplasia? Correct Ans-Still 1:1
What is the ratio of G6PD isoforms in neoplasia? Correct Ans-No longer 1:1; one isoform
will dominate
, Pathoma Chapter 3- Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
What is a secondary way clonality can be determined? Correct Ans-Androgen receptor
isoforms, which are also on the X chromosome
How is clonality of B lymphocytes determined? Correct Ans-Ig light chain phenotype
What are the two type of light chains that can make up the light chain of Ig? Correct Ans-
Kappa and Lambda (each light chain can only have one)
What is the ratio of kappa to lambda light chains in normal lymph nodes? Correct Ans-3:1
What is the kappa to lambda light chain ratio in hyperplasia? Correct Ans-3:1
What is the kappa to lambda light chain ratio in a neoplastic proliferation (i.e. lymphoma)
Correct Ans-6:1 or reversed to 1:3 (i.e. ratio is no longer 1:3)
Differential diagnosis of enlarged lymph node (3 things) Correct Ans-1. Metastatic cancer
2. Reactive hyperplasia (infection)
3. Lymphoma
Two types of neoplasia Correct Ans-Benign or malignant
Solved
What do adenomas/adenocarcinomas produce? Correct Ans-Glands
What do papillomas/papillary carcinomas produce? Correct Ans-Papillary fingerlike
structures
What is a papillary finger-like structure that characterizes papilloma and papillary carcinoma?
Correct Ans-Overgrowth of epithelial cells that overlies a connective tissue core with a
blood vessel in the center
Benign tumor of mesenchymal fat tissue Correct Ans-Lipoma (benign tumor of fat)
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal fat tissue Correct Ans-Liposarcoma (always ends in -
sarcoma)
Benign tumor of mesenchymal bone tissue Correct Ans-Osteoma
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal bone tissue Correct Ans-Osteosarcoma
Benign tumor of mesenchymal cartilagenous tissue Correct Ans-Chondroma
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal cartilagenous tissue Correct Ans-Chondrosarcoma
, Pathoma Chapter 3- Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
Benign tumor of mesenchymal blood vessel tissue Correct Ans-Angioma
Malignant tumor of mesenchymal blood vessel tissue Correct Ans-Angiosarcoma
Benign tumor of lymphocytes Correct Ans-Does not exist
What are the two malignant types of lymphocyte neoplasia? Correct Ans-Lymphoma or
leukemia
Benign tumor of melanocytes Correct Ans-Nevus (mole)
Malignant tumor of melanocytes Correct Ans-Melanoma
What is the second leading cause of death in adults and children? Correct Ans-Cancer
Name the top three causes of death in adults Correct Ans-1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Cancer
3. Chronic respiratory disease (or cerebrovascular disease)
Name the top three causes of death in children Correct Ans-1. Accidents
, Pathoma Chapter 3- Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
2. Cancer
3. Congenital defects
What are the most common cancers by INCIDENCE in adults (excluding squamous cell
carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin) Correct Ans-1. Breast/prostate
2. Lung
3. Colorectal
What three features distinguish neoplasia from hyperplasia and repair? Correct Ans-
Unregulated, irreversible, and monoclonal
Monoclonal Definition Correct Ans-All the (neoplastic) cells are derived form a single
mother cell
How was clonality historically determined? Correct Ans-Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase enzyme isoforms (also androgen receptor isoforms); both are on the X
chromosome
What is the ratio of G6PD isoforms in hyperplasia? Correct Ans-Still 1:1
What is the ratio of G6PD isoforms in neoplasia? Correct Ans-No longer 1:1; one isoform
will dominate
, Pathoma Chapter 3- Questions and Answers 100%
Solved
What is a secondary way clonality can be determined? Correct Ans-Androgen receptor
isoforms, which are also on the X chromosome
How is clonality of B lymphocytes determined? Correct Ans-Ig light chain phenotype
What are the two type of light chains that can make up the light chain of Ig? Correct Ans-
Kappa and Lambda (each light chain can only have one)
What is the ratio of kappa to lambda light chains in normal lymph nodes? Correct Ans-3:1
What is the kappa to lambda light chain ratio in hyperplasia? Correct Ans-3:1
What is the kappa to lambda light chain ratio in a neoplastic proliferation (i.e. lymphoma)
Correct Ans-6:1 or reversed to 1:3 (i.e. ratio is no longer 1:3)
Differential diagnosis of enlarged lymph node (3 things) Correct Ans-1. Metastatic cancer
2. Reactive hyperplasia (infection)
3. Lymphoma
Two types of neoplasia Correct Ans-Benign or malignant
