AP Government Federalism| Question Bank| Latest 2024/2025| Verified A+

AP Government Federalism| Question Bank| Latest 2024/2025| Verified A+ What is **federalism**? A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states. What are the two main levels of government in a federal system? The national (or federal) government and state governments. What is the significance of the **Tenth Amendment** in the context of federalism? It reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people, emphasizing state sovereignty. What does the **Supremacy Clause** establish? It states that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties made under its authority are the supreme law of the land, taking precedence over state laws. What is **dual federalism**? A system where the federal and state governments operate independently within their own spheres of authority, often likened to a "layer cake." What is **cooperative federalism**? A system where federal and state governments work together to achieve common goals, often seen as a "marble cake" model of federalism. 2 How does the **Commerce Clause** affect federalism? It grants Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states, allowing the federal government to influence economic activity across state lines. What is the role of **grants-in-aid** in federalism? Federal funds provided to states and localities for specific projects or programs, promoting cooperation and influencing state policies. What are **block grants**? Federal funds given to states for general purposes, allowing states greater discretion in how to spend the money. What are **categorical grants**? Federal funds allocated to states for specific purposes, requiring states to adhere to certain regulations or conditions. What is the concept of **devolution**? The transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to state or local governments, emphasizing state autonomy. What role do **federal mandates** play in federalism? Federal mandates are requirements imposed by the federal government on states, often without providing funding, compelling compliance with federal standards. 3 How does the concept of **interstate relations** affect federalism? States must respect the laws, public records, and judicial proceedings of other states, promoting cooperation and unity among states. What is the significance of the **full faith and credit clause**? It requires states to recognize and honor the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states, fostering national unity. What does the **privileges and immunities clause** ensure? It prohibits states from discriminating against citizens of other states, promoting equality among residents of different states. What is the purpose of the **National Governors Association**? A bipartisan organization that represents the collective interests of state governors and facilitates