SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Free Radical Injury Highly reactive chemical molecules with an unpaired electron in their
outer orbit that pulls electrons off of healthy cell molecules > cell damage; cancers; other disease
states result.
Hypoxic Cell Injury cellular oxygen deprivation. Brain/Heart/Kidneys are high consumers
of O2. Caused by lack of O2 or impaired blood flow to the tissue > inflammatory response
Impaired Calcium Function
causing inappropriate activation of cellular enzymes Ca++ is an important signalling ion
for many cell responses. If the cell is injured, calcium builds up inside the cell and many cell
structures are damaged. - causing?
Reversible cell injury Causes impaired cell function but NOT DEATH. Body can repair
itself and return to normal homeostasis if the injury is reversed in time before cell death results
Water
Lipids
Calcium Three types of reversible cell injury
, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Water abnormal amounts of?
Sodium builds up in cell due to the breakdown of the sodium [Na+] - potassium [K+] pump.
Consequently, sodium collects inside the cell and attracts water > intracellular swelling. Usually
due to hypoxic injury.
Lipids Abnormal amounts of?
collects in cells leading to impairment of cell functions. "Fatty liver" is often the result. Fatty
changes are a more ominous sign of cell injury than swelling, but can be reversed with dietary
changes.
Calcium Abnormal amounts of?
builds up in cell due to breakdown of the Calcium [Ca++] - Magnesium [Mg++] pump.
Consequently, calcium collects inside the cell and causes inappropriate activation of cellular
enzymes > damages cell internally.
, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Apoptosis Controlled cell death by implosion. Membrane maintains integrity, cell
contents not released into extracellular space, no inflammatory response.
8-10 days How long do WBCs live?
3 months How long do RBCs live?
Necrosis Uncontrolled cell death. Membrane looses integrity, cell contents released into
extracellular and inflammatory response.
Telomeres Outermost tails of chromosomes that are shortened each replication. When too
short cell dies
elasticity Example of cellular aging
Decrease in ______________________ of blood vessels > atherosclerosis and high blood
pressure
, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Bowel Example of cellular aging
Loss of ___________ motility due to aging or medications > Chronic constipation
Muscle mass Example of cellular aging
Loss of _____________ ____________ due to aging, malnutrition, eating disorders, etc. >
muscle weakness, problems with balance
subcutaneous fat Loss of __________________ ________ due to aging or extreme
dieting, cancer, malnutrition, etc. > problems regulating temperature, and skin breakdown over
bony areas especially if bed-bound
inflammation Response to injury,toxin, stress, trauma. Needed for tissue repair. Overall
healthy unless chronic. -
Bone Marrow - blood components
Thymus gland - T-cells from lymphocytes
With Complete Solutions
Free Radical Injury Highly reactive chemical molecules with an unpaired electron in their
outer orbit that pulls electrons off of healthy cell molecules > cell damage; cancers; other disease
states result.
Hypoxic Cell Injury cellular oxygen deprivation. Brain/Heart/Kidneys are high consumers
of O2. Caused by lack of O2 or impaired blood flow to the tissue > inflammatory response
Impaired Calcium Function
causing inappropriate activation of cellular enzymes Ca++ is an important signalling ion
for many cell responses. If the cell is injured, calcium builds up inside the cell and many cell
structures are damaged. - causing?
Reversible cell injury Causes impaired cell function but NOT DEATH. Body can repair
itself and return to normal homeostasis if the injury is reversed in time before cell death results
Water
Lipids
Calcium Three types of reversible cell injury
, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Water abnormal amounts of?
Sodium builds up in cell due to the breakdown of the sodium [Na+] - potassium [K+] pump.
Consequently, sodium collects inside the cell and attracts water > intracellular swelling. Usually
due to hypoxic injury.
Lipids Abnormal amounts of?
collects in cells leading to impairment of cell functions. "Fatty liver" is often the result. Fatty
changes are a more ominous sign of cell injury than swelling, but can be reversed with dietary
changes.
Calcium Abnormal amounts of?
builds up in cell due to breakdown of the Calcium [Ca++] - Magnesium [Mg++] pump.
Consequently, calcium collects inside the cell and causes inappropriate activation of cellular
enzymes > damages cell internally.
, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Apoptosis Controlled cell death by implosion. Membrane maintains integrity, cell
contents not released into extracellular space, no inflammatory response.
8-10 days How long do WBCs live?
3 months How long do RBCs live?
Necrosis Uncontrolled cell death. Membrane looses integrity, cell contents released into
extracellular and inflammatory response.
Telomeres Outermost tails of chromosomes that are shortened each replication. When too
short cell dies
elasticity Example of cellular aging
Decrease in ______________________ of blood vessels > atherosclerosis and high blood
pressure
, SLCC Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Bowel Example of cellular aging
Loss of ___________ motility due to aging or medications > Chronic constipation
Muscle mass Example of cellular aging
Loss of _____________ ____________ due to aging, malnutrition, eating disorders, etc. >
muscle weakness, problems with balance
subcutaneous fat Loss of __________________ ________ due to aging or extreme
dieting, cancer, malnutrition, etc. > problems regulating temperature, and skin breakdown over
bony areas especially if bed-bound
inflammation Response to injury,toxin, stress, trauma. Needed for tissue repair. Overall
healthy unless chronic. -
Bone Marrow - blood components
Thymus gland - T-cells from lymphocytes
