Samenvatting 3ASO
Examencommissie
vakfiche 2020
Biologie
,INHOUD
bouw van de cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
celonderdelen ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
celmembraan .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
celwand....................................................................................................................................................................... 7
celkern ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
ribosomen ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
R.E.R (=ruw endoplasmatisch retriculum) .................................................................................................................. 9
S.E.R (=glad endoplasmatisch retriculum) ................................................................................................................ 10
Golgi-apparaat .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
lysosoom ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
vacuole...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
mitochondriën .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
cytoskelet.................................................................................................................................................................. 12
centriool.................................................................................................................................................................... 13
pastiden .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
type cel herkennen ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
microscopen ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
lichtmicroscoop ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
elektronenmicroscoop .............................................................................................................................................. 17
stoffen in de cel ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
moleculen in de cel ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
water ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
eiwitten (=proteïnen) ............................................................................................................................................... 18
sachariden (=koolhydraten, suikers)......................................................................................................................... 20
lipiden (=vetten) ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
mineralen .................................................................................................................................................................. 24
NUCLEÏNEZUREN ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
ATP, NAD(P)H en FAD ............................................................................................................................................... 28
enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 29
werking ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
functie vb .................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 29
toepassingen ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
celmetabolisme ............................................................................................................................................................ 30
celmetabolisme ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
pag. 1
, katabolisme (dissimilatie) ......................................................................................................................................... 30
anabolisme (assimilatie) ........................................................................................................................................... 32
stofuitwisseling ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
passief transport ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
actief transport ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
energieomzettingen in de cel ........................................................................................................................................... 38
Fotosynthese ................................................................................................................................................................ 38
reactievergelijking .................................................................................................................................................... 38
lichtreactie ................................................................................................................................................................ 38
donkerreactie ........................................................................................................................................................... 40
INVLOED VAN FYSISCHE EN CHEMISCHE FACTOREN ................................................................................................ 42
5.3.2. de concentratie CO2 ........................................................................................................................................ 42
5.3.3. de temperatuur .............................................................................................................................................. 42
celademhaling............................................................................................................................................................... 43
anaËrobe celademhaling (zonder zuurstof) .............................................................................................................. 43
aËrobe celademhaling .............................................................................................................................................. 45
INVLOED VAN FYSISCHE EN CHEMISCHE FACTOREN ................................................................................................ 48
verband celademhaling en fotosynthes ....................................................................................................................... 48
erfelijke informatie in de cel ............................................................................................................................................. 49
Begrippen...................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Nucleotide: ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
chromatine ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
chromatide ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
chromosoom ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
exons ......................................................................................................................................................................... 49
introns....................................................................................................................................................................... 49
restrictie-enzymen .................................................................................................................................................... 49
vector ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49
markeergenen definitie 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 50
markeergenen definitie 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 50
suiker ............................................................................................................................................................................ 50
chemische structuur nucleÏnezuren (DNA en RNA) ...................................................................................................... 50
soort moleculen ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
plaats moleculen ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
oriËntatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 52
DNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 52
RNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 54
pag. 2
, vergelijking tabel dna en rna ........................................................................................................................................ 55
EIWITSYNTHESE ............................................................................................................................................................ 55
TRANSCRIPTIE ........................................................................................................................................................... 55
translatie ....................................................................................................................................................................... 58
ribosomen ................................................................................................................................................................. 58
tRNA .......................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Proces ....................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Genexpressie ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Genmutatie ................................................................................................................................................................... 62
genoverdracht .............................................................................................................................................................. 62
natuurlijke genoverdracht ........................................................................................................................................ 62
kunstmatige genoverdracht...................................................................................................................................... 63
context .......................................................................................................................................................................... 64
De delende cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 65
celcyclus ........................................................................................................................................................................ 65
interfase .................................................................................................................................................................... 65
mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 66
schematische voorstelling ........................................................................................................................................ 66
factoren die de celdeling beÏnvloeden ......................................................................................................................... 67
DE CELCYCLUS EN DE LEVENSCYCLUS VAN EEN ORGANISME ...................................................................................... 67
DNA-replicatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 67
noodzaak................................................................................................................................................................... 68
situering in de celcyclus ............................................................................................................................................ 68
Verloop ..................................................................................................................................................................... 68
enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 69
DNA-helicase ......................................................................................................................................................... 70
DNA-polymerase ................................................................................................................................................... 70
DNA-ligase ............................................................................................................................................................. 70
chromosonen ................................................................................................................................................................ 70
kerndelingen ................................................................................................................................................................. 70
mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 70
DE MEIOSE ................................................................................................................................................................ 75
vergelijking .................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Homeostase en immuniteit .............................................................................................................................................. 79
HOMEOSTASE ............................................................................................................................................................... 79
THERMOREGULATIE.................................................................................................................................................. 80
pag. 3
Examencommissie
vakfiche 2020
Biologie
,INHOUD
bouw van de cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
celonderdelen ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
celmembraan .............................................................................................................................................................. 7
celwand....................................................................................................................................................................... 7
celkern ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8
ribosomen ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
R.E.R (=ruw endoplasmatisch retriculum) .................................................................................................................. 9
S.E.R (=glad endoplasmatisch retriculum) ................................................................................................................ 10
Golgi-apparaat .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
lysosoom ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
vacuole...................................................................................................................................................................... 11
mitochondriën .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
cytoskelet.................................................................................................................................................................. 12
centriool.................................................................................................................................................................... 13
pastiden .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
type cel herkennen ....................................................................................................................................................... 14
microscopen ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
lichtmicroscoop ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
elektronenmicroscoop .............................................................................................................................................. 17
stoffen in de cel ................................................................................................................................................................ 17
moleculen in de cel ....................................................................................................................................................... 17
water ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
eiwitten (=proteïnen) ............................................................................................................................................... 18
sachariden (=koolhydraten, suikers)......................................................................................................................... 20
lipiden (=vetten) ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
mineralen .................................................................................................................................................................. 24
NUCLEÏNEZUREN ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
ATP, NAD(P)H en FAD ............................................................................................................................................... 28
enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 29
werking ..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
functie vb .................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Invloed van fysische en chemische factoren ............................................................................................................ 29
toepassingen ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
celmetabolisme ............................................................................................................................................................ 30
celmetabolisme ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
pag. 1
, katabolisme (dissimilatie) ......................................................................................................................................... 30
anabolisme (assimilatie) ........................................................................................................................................... 32
stofuitwisseling ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
passief transport ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
actief transport ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
energieomzettingen in de cel ........................................................................................................................................... 38
Fotosynthese ................................................................................................................................................................ 38
reactievergelijking .................................................................................................................................................... 38
lichtreactie ................................................................................................................................................................ 38
donkerreactie ........................................................................................................................................................... 40
INVLOED VAN FYSISCHE EN CHEMISCHE FACTOREN ................................................................................................ 42
5.3.2. de concentratie CO2 ........................................................................................................................................ 42
5.3.3. de temperatuur .............................................................................................................................................. 42
celademhaling............................................................................................................................................................... 43
anaËrobe celademhaling (zonder zuurstof) .............................................................................................................. 43
aËrobe celademhaling .............................................................................................................................................. 45
INVLOED VAN FYSISCHE EN CHEMISCHE FACTOREN ................................................................................................ 48
verband celademhaling en fotosynthes ....................................................................................................................... 48
erfelijke informatie in de cel ............................................................................................................................................. 49
Begrippen...................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Nucleotide: ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
chromatine ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
chromatide ............................................................................................................................................................... 49
chromosoom ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
exons ......................................................................................................................................................................... 49
introns....................................................................................................................................................................... 49
restrictie-enzymen .................................................................................................................................................... 49
vector ........................................................................................................................................................................ 49
markeergenen definitie 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 50
markeergenen definitie 2 ......................................................................................................................................... 50
suiker ............................................................................................................................................................................ 50
chemische structuur nucleÏnezuren (DNA en RNA) ...................................................................................................... 50
soort moleculen ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
plaats moleculen ....................................................................................................................................................... 51
oriËntatie .................................................................................................................................................................. 52
DNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 52
RNA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 54
pag. 2
, vergelijking tabel dna en rna ........................................................................................................................................ 55
EIWITSYNTHESE ............................................................................................................................................................ 55
TRANSCRIPTIE ........................................................................................................................................................... 55
translatie ....................................................................................................................................................................... 58
ribosomen ................................................................................................................................................................. 58
tRNA .......................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Proces ....................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Genexpressie ................................................................................................................................................................ 62
Genmutatie ................................................................................................................................................................... 62
genoverdracht .............................................................................................................................................................. 62
natuurlijke genoverdracht ........................................................................................................................................ 62
kunstmatige genoverdracht...................................................................................................................................... 63
context .......................................................................................................................................................................... 64
De delende cel .................................................................................................................................................................. 65
celcyclus ........................................................................................................................................................................ 65
interfase .................................................................................................................................................................... 65
mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 66
schematische voorstelling ........................................................................................................................................ 66
factoren die de celdeling beÏnvloeden ......................................................................................................................... 67
DE CELCYCLUS EN DE LEVENSCYCLUS VAN EEN ORGANISME ...................................................................................... 67
DNA-replicatie .............................................................................................................................................................. 67
noodzaak................................................................................................................................................................... 68
situering in de celcyclus ............................................................................................................................................ 68
Verloop ..................................................................................................................................................................... 68
enzymen ....................................................................................................................................................................... 69
DNA-helicase ......................................................................................................................................................... 70
DNA-polymerase ................................................................................................................................................... 70
DNA-ligase ............................................................................................................................................................. 70
chromosonen ................................................................................................................................................................ 70
kerndelingen ................................................................................................................................................................. 70
mitose ....................................................................................................................................................................... 70
DE MEIOSE ................................................................................................................................................................ 75
vergelijking .................................................................................................................................................................... 78
Homeostase en immuniteit .............................................................................................................................................. 79
HOMEOSTASE ............................................................................................................................................................... 79
THERMOREGULATIE.................................................................................................................................................. 80
pag. 3
