PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - MODULE 2 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023
5 steps of hypoxia in order: - ANSWER: 1. Obstruction of blood flow
2. Ischemia- lack of oxygen
3. Decrease in ATP production by mitochondria
4. Sodium-potassium begins to fail
5. Acute cellular swelling
4 ways that free radicals cause cellular injury: - ANSWER: 1. Destroy lipid structure
2. fragment DNA
3. alter cellular proteins
4. damage mitochondria
A contusion injury results in: - ANSWER: bleeding in the skin or underlying tissues.
Fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can cause: - ANSWER: 1. Low birth
weight
2. Mental retardation
3. Death
Lead poisoning affects nervous system function by which of the following
mechanisms? - ANSWER: Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
The major mechanism of injury in drowning is: - ANSWER: hypoxemia
Hypoxemia - ANSWER: an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood
In strangulation injuries, airway injury can be caused by a fracture of which bone? -
ANSWER: Hyoid bone
Tattooing and stippling occur with which of the following types of injuries? -
ANSWER: Gunshot wounds
Which of the following molecules accumulates in liver cells as a result of alcohol
abuse? - ANSWER: Lipids
True or False: Cellular swelling is reversible - ANSWER: True
Apoptosis - ANSWER: The death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part
of an organism's growth and development; active process of cellular self-destruction
called programmed cell death
Autophagy - ANSWER: A normal physiological process in the body that deals with
destruction of cells in the body; self-destructive process and a survival mechanism.
, The cell digests certain contents or organelles then recycles the parts. It can remove
damaged organelles to improve survival rate of the cell.
Hemosiderosis - ANSWER: A form of iron overload disorder; the storage of excess
iron stored as hemosiderin in cells
A medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from
excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct,
by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells. - ANSWER: Jaundice
In _______________ necrosis, the cell is dissolved by lipases and the tissue appears
opaque and chalk-white - ANSWER: fatty
In _______________ necrosis there is tissue death due to severe hypoxic injury
caused by a lack of blood flow. - ANSWER: gangrenous
In _______________ necrosis due to protein denaturation which results in the
proteins clotting together. - ANSWER: Coagulative
In _______________ necrosis the damage is caused by ischemic injury to neurons
and glial cells in the brain. - ANSWER: Liquefactive
In _______________ necrosis the damage results from TB infection and the tissue
looks like clumped cheese. - ANSWER: Caseous
Postmortem reduction of body temperature is called - ANSWER: algor mortis
A stiffening of the muscles and joints after death is known as - ANSWER: rigor mortis
A settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body, causing a
purplish red discoloration of the skin after death is called - ANSWER: livor mortis
A term that means the death of an entire person would be - ANSWER: somatic death
This is a common clinical syndrome in older adults which leaves a person vulnerable
to falls, functional decline, disability, disease and death. - ANSWER: frailty
Epithelial tissue: Lining of blood vessels, lining of alveoli, bowman's capsule. Filters. -
ANSWER: Simple squamous
Epithelial tissue: Skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and anus. Protection and
secretion. - ANSWER: Stratified squamous
Epithelial tissue: Urinary bladder. Allows for stretching. - ANSWER: Transitional
Epithelial tissue: Glands, kidney tubules. Secretes fluids. - ANSWER: Simple cuboidal
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023
5 steps of hypoxia in order: - ANSWER: 1. Obstruction of blood flow
2. Ischemia- lack of oxygen
3. Decrease in ATP production by mitochondria
4. Sodium-potassium begins to fail
5. Acute cellular swelling
4 ways that free radicals cause cellular injury: - ANSWER: 1. Destroy lipid structure
2. fragment DNA
3. alter cellular proteins
4. damage mitochondria
A contusion injury results in: - ANSWER: bleeding in the skin or underlying tissues.
Fetal exposure to alcohol during pregnancy can cause: - ANSWER: 1. Low birth
weight
2. Mental retardation
3. Death
Lead poisoning affects nervous system function by which of the following
mechanisms? - ANSWER: Lead interferes with neurotransmitter release.
The major mechanism of injury in drowning is: - ANSWER: hypoxemia
Hypoxemia - ANSWER: an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood
In strangulation injuries, airway injury can be caused by a fracture of which bone? -
ANSWER: Hyoid bone
Tattooing and stippling occur with which of the following types of injuries? -
ANSWER: Gunshot wounds
Which of the following molecules accumulates in liver cells as a result of alcohol
abuse? - ANSWER: Lipids
True or False: Cellular swelling is reversible - ANSWER: True
Apoptosis - ANSWER: The death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part
of an organism's growth and development; active process of cellular self-destruction
called programmed cell death
Autophagy - ANSWER: A normal physiological process in the body that deals with
destruction of cells in the body; self-destructive process and a survival mechanism.
, The cell digests certain contents or organelles then recycles the parts. It can remove
damaged organelles to improve survival rate of the cell.
Hemosiderosis - ANSWER: A form of iron overload disorder; the storage of excess
iron stored as hemosiderin in cells
A medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from
excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct,
by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells. - ANSWER: Jaundice
In _______________ necrosis, the cell is dissolved by lipases and the tissue appears
opaque and chalk-white - ANSWER: fatty
In _______________ necrosis there is tissue death due to severe hypoxic injury
caused by a lack of blood flow. - ANSWER: gangrenous
In _______________ necrosis due to protein denaturation which results in the
proteins clotting together. - ANSWER: Coagulative
In _______________ necrosis the damage is caused by ischemic injury to neurons
and glial cells in the brain. - ANSWER: Liquefactive
In _______________ necrosis the damage results from TB infection and the tissue
looks like clumped cheese. - ANSWER: Caseous
Postmortem reduction of body temperature is called - ANSWER: algor mortis
A stiffening of the muscles and joints after death is known as - ANSWER: rigor mortis
A settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body, causing a
purplish red discoloration of the skin after death is called - ANSWER: livor mortis
A term that means the death of an entire person would be - ANSWER: somatic death
This is a common clinical syndrome in older adults which leaves a person vulnerable
to falls, functional decline, disability, disease and death. - ANSWER: frailty
Epithelial tissue: Lining of blood vessels, lining of alveoli, bowman's capsule. Filters. -
ANSWER: Simple squamous
Epithelial tissue: Skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and anus. Protection and
secretion. - ANSWER: Stratified squamous
Epithelial tissue: Urinary bladder. Allows for stretching. - ANSWER: Transitional
Epithelial tissue: Glands, kidney tubules. Secretes fluids. - ANSWER: Simple cuboidal
