NBME PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST
2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 VERSIONS (VERSION A
AND B) COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW VERSION!!
VERSION A
Describe the transient vasoconstriction in primary
hemostasis - ....ANSWER...Neural reflex and
endothelin mediated
Describe platelet adhesion in primary hemostasis -
....ANSWER...Sub-endothelial collagen binds soluble
vWF which platelets then bind to via GP1B
Describe platelet degranulation - ....ANSWER...Dense
Granules release ADP which induces expression of
platelet GP2B3A receptors
TXA2 from platelet COX promotes aggregation
,Describe platelet aggregation - ....ANSWER...GP2B3A
receptors bind soluble fibrinogen which cross-links
platelets to form the platelet plug that will be
stabilized by the coagulation cascade (2*
hemostasis)
What are the sub-types of primary hemostasis
disorders? - ....ANSWER...Qualitative (platelet
function)
Quantitative (platelet number)
What are the quantitative platelet disorders? -
....ANSWER...ITP
MHA (HUS & TTP)
What are the signs of a disorder of primary
hemostasis? - ....ANSWER...Mucosal and skin
bleeding
Nosebleeds is most common sx
,Petechiae/Brain bleeds are seen more in
quantitative disorders.
Describe Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) -
....ANSWER...Most common cause of
thrombocytopenia .
Autoantibodies produced in the spleen destroy
platelets.
Low platelet counts, but normal PT/PTT.
Tx: Steroids -> IVIG -> Splenectomy
What is Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MHA) -
....ANSWER...Formation of microthrombi in small
vessels which consumes platelets & shears RBCs as
they pass.
What are the causes of MHA? -
....ANSWER...Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
, TTP
What is Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura? -
....ANSWER...AKA TTP.
Loss of ADAMTS13 enzyme which degrades vWF.
Usually d/t Autoantibody to ADAMTS13
What is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? -
....ANSWER...Seen following E.Coli O157:H7 dysentery
in children. Damage to endothelial cells results in
mcirothrombi within the kidney.
What are the symptoms of MHA? -
....ANSWER...Skin/Mucosal Bleeding
Hemolytic Anemia
Fever
Renal Insufficiency (HUS)
CNS defects (TTP)
Is PT/PTT changed in TTP or HUS? - ....ANSWER...No.
2024 ACTUAL EXAM 2 VERSIONS (VERSION A
AND B) COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||BRAND
NEW VERSION!!
VERSION A
Describe the transient vasoconstriction in primary
hemostasis - ....ANSWER...Neural reflex and
endothelin mediated
Describe platelet adhesion in primary hemostasis -
....ANSWER...Sub-endothelial collagen binds soluble
vWF which platelets then bind to via GP1B
Describe platelet degranulation - ....ANSWER...Dense
Granules release ADP which induces expression of
platelet GP2B3A receptors
TXA2 from platelet COX promotes aggregation
,Describe platelet aggregation - ....ANSWER...GP2B3A
receptors bind soluble fibrinogen which cross-links
platelets to form the platelet plug that will be
stabilized by the coagulation cascade (2*
hemostasis)
What are the sub-types of primary hemostasis
disorders? - ....ANSWER...Qualitative (platelet
function)
Quantitative (platelet number)
What are the quantitative platelet disorders? -
....ANSWER...ITP
MHA (HUS & TTP)
What are the signs of a disorder of primary
hemostasis? - ....ANSWER...Mucosal and skin
bleeding
Nosebleeds is most common sx
,Petechiae/Brain bleeds are seen more in
quantitative disorders.
Describe Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) -
....ANSWER...Most common cause of
thrombocytopenia .
Autoantibodies produced in the spleen destroy
platelets.
Low platelet counts, but normal PT/PTT.
Tx: Steroids -> IVIG -> Splenectomy
What is Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MHA) -
....ANSWER...Formation of microthrombi in small
vessels which consumes platelets & shears RBCs as
they pass.
What are the causes of MHA? -
....ANSWER...Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
, TTP
What is Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura? -
....ANSWER...AKA TTP.
Loss of ADAMTS13 enzyme which degrades vWF.
Usually d/t Autoantibody to ADAMTS13
What is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome? -
....ANSWER...Seen following E.Coli O157:H7 dysentery
in children. Damage to endothelial cells results in
mcirothrombi within the kidney.
What are the symptoms of MHA? -
....ANSWER...Skin/Mucosal Bleeding
Hemolytic Anemia
Fever
Renal Insufficiency (HUS)
CNS defects (TTP)
Is PT/PTT changed in TTP or HUS? - ....ANSWER...No.
