BMS 108 Midterm 2 Exam Questions And
Accurate Answers
the basic signaling systems - Answer NV and endocrine systems
signal transduction - Answer signaling molecules bind to target receptors and result in
cellular response
7 types of signaling molecules - Answer neurotransmitters
hormones
paracrines
autocrines
juxtacrines
intracrines
pheramones
neurotransmitters - Answer secretion from neurons and act immediately in target cells
hormones - Answer secretion from endocrine glands and into bloodstream, act
eventually on target cells
paracrines - Answer secretion from local tissues and act on nearby tissues
autocrines - Answer secretion from local tissues and act on the same tissue
juxtacrines - Answer contact dependent signaling
intracrines - Answer pathways internal to the target cell
pheramones - Answer secretion from specialized gland cells, act on other individuals
functions of the nervous system - Answer control- on off
regulation- how much
integration- w/other systems
classification of NS - Answer anatomical and physiological
neuro pathway - Answer stimulus- receptors-sensory pathway- CNS- motor- Effectors-
response
effectors are - Answer muscles, glands, neurons
, types of neurons - Answer sensory or afferent
motor or efferent
interneurons or association ( confined to CNS
parts of a neuron - Answer dendrites, cell body, axon hillok, nodes of ranvier on axon
between schwan cells, terminal butons
nerves and muscles _____ - Answer produce electrical signalls when stimulated and all
cells conduct electricity
membrane potential is determined by - Answer ion conc inside and outside cell,
permeability of the PM to these ions, activity of sodium potasium atpase pump
where is Na+ mostly found - Answer ECF
where is k+ mostly found - Answer in ICF
ICF fixed anions - Answer proteins, phosphate ions, and amino acids
the Na K ATPase pumps - Answer maintain the MP but DONT create it
channel proteins that affect mp - Answer leak channels
voltage gated channels
ligand gated channels
mechanically gated
features of VG channels - Answer selectivity filter
gate open or closed
voltage sensor
resting membrane potential
threshold,
peak
hyperpol - Answer -70
-55
+30
-85
sequence of events for a nerve firing - Answer GP binds axon hillok to threshold
potential
Accurate Answers
the basic signaling systems - Answer NV and endocrine systems
signal transduction - Answer signaling molecules bind to target receptors and result in
cellular response
7 types of signaling molecules - Answer neurotransmitters
hormones
paracrines
autocrines
juxtacrines
intracrines
pheramones
neurotransmitters - Answer secretion from neurons and act immediately in target cells
hormones - Answer secretion from endocrine glands and into bloodstream, act
eventually on target cells
paracrines - Answer secretion from local tissues and act on nearby tissues
autocrines - Answer secretion from local tissues and act on the same tissue
juxtacrines - Answer contact dependent signaling
intracrines - Answer pathways internal to the target cell
pheramones - Answer secretion from specialized gland cells, act on other individuals
functions of the nervous system - Answer control- on off
regulation- how much
integration- w/other systems
classification of NS - Answer anatomical and physiological
neuro pathway - Answer stimulus- receptors-sensory pathway- CNS- motor- Effectors-
response
effectors are - Answer muscles, glands, neurons
, types of neurons - Answer sensory or afferent
motor or efferent
interneurons or association ( confined to CNS
parts of a neuron - Answer dendrites, cell body, axon hillok, nodes of ranvier on axon
between schwan cells, terminal butons
nerves and muscles _____ - Answer produce electrical signalls when stimulated and all
cells conduct electricity
membrane potential is determined by - Answer ion conc inside and outside cell,
permeability of the PM to these ions, activity of sodium potasium atpase pump
where is Na+ mostly found - Answer ECF
where is k+ mostly found - Answer in ICF
ICF fixed anions - Answer proteins, phosphate ions, and amino acids
the Na K ATPase pumps - Answer maintain the MP but DONT create it
channel proteins that affect mp - Answer leak channels
voltage gated channels
ligand gated channels
mechanically gated
features of VG channels - Answer selectivity filter
gate open or closed
voltage sensor
resting membrane potential
threshold,
peak
hyperpol - Answer -70
-55
+30
-85
sequence of events for a nerve firing - Answer GP binds axon hillok to threshold
potential
