©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
MCB 2050 Lecture Notes #1 Exam
Questions and Answers | Graded A+
Eukaryotes are multicellular. What does this compartmentalization
achieve? - ✔✔Compartmentalization allows for complex eukaryotic gene
regulation.
What does complexity achieve? - ✔✔Multiple levels of gene control.
Therefore, what do both compartmentalization and complexity facilitate in
eukaryotes? - ✔✔Complex gene regulation.
Eukaryotes are differentiated and grow at different rates. How is complex
gene regulation advantageous? 2 types of control - ✔✔Spatial control.
Only expresses a specific subset of the genome. Think of tissues and cell
types. Temporal control. Accounts for different developmental stages and
processes. Therefore, their genes must be switched on or off.
Where are the two locations(steps) of gene site regulation? - ✔✔The
sites of regulation are at transcription and protein modification.
, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Why is gene regulation sourced at these two points? - ✔✔@
transcription, this is the most economical in terms of resource and energy
use. @ protein modification, it is a fast response reaction. This occurs in
the cytoplasm where the protein can modify. An example is heat shock
protein.
What are the two factors that induct gene expression? - ✔✔By biological
factors and environmental factors. Examples include steroid and peptide
hormones considering biological factors.
Why is transcription more difficultly controlled in eukaryotes vs
prokaryotes? Key word - ✔✔Eukaryotic genes are sequestered in the
nucleus
What does "sequestered" mean? - ✔✔Since eukaryotes are membrane
bound organelles, environmental factors must be transmitted and received
from the extracellular membrane all the way into the nucleus onto the
chromosome.
How else do eukaryotes have more obstacles when facing gene
regulation? - ✔✔Many eukaryotes are multicellular and environmental
cues have to pass inter cellularly for regulation.
, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Otherwise, consider protein-DNA interaction on gene regulation. Is it
different from prokaryotes? - ✔✔No, it is still positively and negatively
regulated, and transcription factors remain the same.
Consider the induction of gene expression. Give examples? -
✔✔Biological factors and Environmental factors. Specifically with
biological factors, steroid and peptide hormones. Heat Shock is an example
of an environmental factor.
How is gene expression regulated by steroid hormone? - ✔✔Steroid
hormone, a lipid-soluble molecule derived from cholesterol, is able to
permeate the cell membrane.
1. The steroid hormone combines with the receptor protein.
2. The hormone/receptor complex binds to hormone response element in
the DNA.
3. Stimulates transcription.
How is gene expression regulated by peptide hormone? - ✔✔Peptide
hormone, a linear chain of amino acid, is unable to permeate the cell
membrane.
1. The peptide hormone attaches to membrane-bound receptor proteins
and activates.
MCB 2050 Lecture Notes #1 Exam
Questions and Answers | Graded A+
Eukaryotes are multicellular. What does this compartmentalization
achieve? - ✔✔Compartmentalization allows for complex eukaryotic gene
regulation.
What does complexity achieve? - ✔✔Multiple levels of gene control.
Therefore, what do both compartmentalization and complexity facilitate in
eukaryotes? - ✔✔Complex gene regulation.
Eukaryotes are differentiated and grow at different rates. How is complex
gene regulation advantageous? 2 types of control - ✔✔Spatial control.
Only expresses a specific subset of the genome. Think of tissues and cell
types. Temporal control. Accounts for different developmental stages and
processes. Therefore, their genes must be switched on or off.
Where are the two locations(steps) of gene site regulation? - ✔✔The
sites of regulation are at transcription and protein modification.
, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Why is gene regulation sourced at these two points? - ✔✔@
transcription, this is the most economical in terms of resource and energy
use. @ protein modification, it is a fast response reaction. This occurs in
the cytoplasm where the protein can modify. An example is heat shock
protein.
What are the two factors that induct gene expression? - ✔✔By biological
factors and environmental factors. Examples include steroid and peptide
hormones considering biological factors.
Why is transcription more difficultly controlled in eukaryotes vs
prokaryotes? Key word - ✔✔Eukaryotic genes are sequestered in the
nucleus
What does "sequestered" mean? - ✔✔Since eukaryotes are membrane
bound organelles, environmental factors must be transmitted and received
from the extracellular membrane all the way into the nucleus onto the
chromosome.
How else do eukaryotes have more obstacles when facing gene
regulation? - ✔✔Many eukaryotes are multicellular and environmental
cues have to pass inter cellularly for regulation.
, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Otherwise, consider protein-DNA interaction on gene regulation. Is it
different from prokaryotes? - ✔✔No, it is still positively and negatively
regulated, and transcription factors remain the same.
Consider the induction of gene expression. Give examples? -
✔✔Biological factors and Environmental factors. Specifically with
biological factors, steroid and peptide hormones. Heat Shock is an example
of an environmental factor.
How is gene expression regulated by steroid hormone? - ✔✔Steroid
hormone, a lipid-soluble molecule derived from cholesterol, is able to
permeate the cell membrane.
1. The steroid hormone combines with the receptor protein.
2. The hormone/receptor complex binds to hormone response element in
the DNA.
3. Stimulates transcription.
How is gene expression regulated by peptide hormone? - ✔✔Peptide
hormone, a linear chain of amino acid, is unable to permeate the cell
membrane.
1. The peptide hormone attaches to membrane-bound receptor proteins
and activates.
