Introduction to Computer Networks and Protocols Review Questions with complete Solutions Graded A -

Introduction to Computer Networks and Protocols Review Questions with complete Solutions Graded A - Bridges - Answers Smart hubs that direct data to destination ports. Switch - Answers Multi-port bridge enabling communication among devices. Gateways - Answers Devices acting as gates between distinct networks. Computer Network - Answers System connecting computing devices for information sharing. Wired Technology - Answers Uses physical cables like fiber optics for connections. Wireless Technology - Answers Establishes connections via electromagnetic signals. Servers - Answers Storage and application servers handling data requests. Routers - Answers Devices forwarding data packets between networks. Communication Protocol - Answers Rules for data transfer among network nodes. Hubs - Answers Repeaters with multiple ports for data transmission. Resource Sharing - Answers Allows data access across global enterprise locations. Performance Management - Answers Improves system performance with added processors. Cost Savings - Answers Strategic processor additions reduce overall expenses. Security - Answers Critical for protecting sensitive data in networks. Reduction of Errors - Answers Minimizes errors by providing a single information source. Secured Remote Access - Answers Ensures safe data access from outside company premises. Nanoscale Networks - Answers Facilitates communication between tiny sensors and actuators. Personal Area Network (PAN) - Answers Network connecting multiple devices for one user. Local Area Network (LAN) - Answers Connects devices within a limited geographical area. Storage Area Network (SAN) - Answers Dedicated network for block-level data storage. Campus Area Network (CAN) - Answers Interconnected LANs used by larger entities. Internet Layer - Answers Packages data into packets for transmission. Transport Layer - Answers Maintains valid and stable connections between devices. Application Layer - Answers Defines access methods for high-level applications. Network Access Layer - Answers Physical transfer of data through hardware. Communication Links - Answers Connections enabling data transfer between devices. Load Balancers - Answers Distributes network traffic to optimize resource use. Firewall - Answers Network defense tool preventing unauthorized access. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) - Answers Monitors network for suspicious activity. Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) - Answers Blocks potential threats in real-time. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) - Answers Large network spanning across a city. Wide Area Network (WAN) - Answers Covers large areas like cities and countries. Enterprise Private Network (EPN) - Answers Network connecting multiple office locations of an organization. Virtual Private Network (VPN) - Answers Overlay private network on a public network. Cloud Network - Answers WAN infrastructure delivered via cloud services. Intranet - Answers Network maintained by a single entity for authorized users. Internet - Answers Global system connecting multiple networks via routers. Extranet - Answers Intranet with connections to external networks. Darknet - Answers Overlay network accessed via specialized software. Data Communication - Answers Exchange of data between two nodes via links. Unicast - Answers Data sent from one sender to one receiver. Multicast - Answers Data sent from one sender to multiple receivers. Broadcast - Answers Data sent from one sender to all network nodes. OSI Reference Model - Answers Guideline for facilitating communication between systems. Peer-To-Peer Network - Answers No centralized administration; all peers are equal. Client Server Network - Answers Centralized administration with request-response model. TCP/IP Model - Answers Protocol suite developed before the OSI model. Presentation Layer - Answers Syntax and semantics of exchanged information. Session Layer - Answers Establishes and maintains communication sessions. Network Layer - Answers Delivery of data from source to destination. Data Link Layer - Answers Moves data frames between nodes. Physical Layer - Answers Transmits raw bits over physical medium. Protocol Data Unit (PDU) - Answers Named according to TCP/IP suite protocols. DNS - Answers Translates domain names into IP addresses. Framing - Answers The process of encapsulating data into frames for transmission.