Charcot's Triad: ANSWER RUQ pain, fever, and jaundice (indicates
cholangitis)
Reynold's pentad: ANSWER RUQ discomfort, fever, jaundice, AMS,
hypotension (indicates increasing cholangitis).
Murphy's sign: ANSWER discomfort with palpation of the RUQ on inspiration,
indicating cholecystitis
Psoas sign - ANSWER RLQ discomfort with extension of the right thigh/hip
indicates appendicitis.
Kehr's sign - ANSWER Blood spilling from a ruptured spleen irritates the
undersurface of the diaphragm, causing left shoulder pain. While Kehr's sign
(left shoulder pain) is frequently an indication of splenic rupture, right shoulder
discomfort usually indicates liver or gallbladder irritation.
Cullen's sign - ANSWER Ecchymosis in the periumbilical region, associated
with pancreatitis
Grey Turner's sign - ANSWER Atraumatic ecchymosis in the flank, usually
signifying hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
Beck's triad: ANSWER JVD, muffled heart sounds, and lowered blood pressure
(indicating cardiac tamponade).
Cushing's triad: bradycardia, bradypnea, hypertension (indicates elevated ICP;
normal ICP=5-15 mm Hg)
Charcot's neurologic triad - ANSWER Nystagmus, staccato speech, and
deliberate tremor (indicates MS).
,Virchow's triad: Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury
(increased risk of thrombosis).
Shock Triad - Answer: Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea.
Opioid Poisoning Triad: CNS depression (AMS, coma), respiratory depression,
miosis (pinpoint pupils).
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome has three signs: a short PR interval, delta
waves, and a broad QRS complex.
Behcet's illness - ANSWER: Recurrent oral ulcers, vaginal ulcers, and ocular
irritation
The three D's of pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3, deficiency) are diarrhoea,
dementia, and dermatitis.
Serotonin Syndrome - ANSWER Similar to NMS, but caused by serotonin
medicines, with hyperreflexive muscular activity.
Symptoms include mental state alterations and heat. Treatment=cyproheptadine
ANSWER: Adverse reaction to antipsychotics with severe "lead pipe" rigidity,
FEVER (102-104), tachycardia, tachypnea, and mental state abnormalities.
The fatal trifecta of trauma is hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy.
Neurogenic shock symptoms include hypothermia, hypotension, and
bradycardia.
,Whipple's triad: ANSWER 1. Fasting hypoglycemia: <50
2. Symptoms of hypoglycemia
3. Immediate alleviation of symptoms with the introduction of IV glucose
(Suggests insulinoma)
Reactive arthritis rhyme: Can't see (conjunctivitis), can't pee (urethritis or
cervicitis), can't climb a tree (arthritis).
Murphy's Triad - ANSWER RLQ pain, nausea, and fever (indicates
appendicitis)
Acidosis vs Alkalosis - Answer Rome:
Respiratory - opposite.
Acidosis: pH is lower, pCO2 is higher.
Alkalosis: pH is higher, pCO2 is lower.
Metabolic: Equal
Acidosis: low pH, low pCO2
Alkalosis: elevated pH and pCO2 levels.
ACE Inhibitors: "PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril.
, Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in the lungs from converting angiotensin I to
angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor). Reduces blood pressure, aldosterone
secretions, sodium levels, and fluid loss.
Check blood pressure before administering (hypotension).
*Orthostatic hypotension
ARBs: ANSWER "SARTAN"
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
They lower blood pressure and raise CO.
Examples are Valsartan (Diovan), Losartan (Cozaar), and Irbesartan (Avapro).
-Uses include hypertension and heart failure.
-Nursing Considerations: monitor for hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and renal
failure.
Cholesterol medications end in - ANSWER: statin.
Beta-blockers end in ANSWER-lol.
Calcium channel blockers end in - ANSWER-divine (and verapamil and
diltiazem).
The five P's of compartment syndrome are: pain, pallor, pulselessness,
paraesthesia, and paralysis.
cholangitis)
Reynold's pentad: ANSWER RUQ discomfort, fever, jaundice, AMS,
hypotension (indicates increasing cholangitis).
Murphy's sign: ANSWER discomfort with palpation of the RUQ on inspiration,
indicating cholecystitis
Psoas sign - ANSWER RLQ discomfort with extension of the right thigh/hip
indicates appendicitis.
Kehr's sign - ANSWER Blood spilling from a ruptured spleen irritates the
undersurface of the diaphragm, causing left shoulder pain. While Kehr's sign
(left shoulder pain) is frequently an indication of splenic rupture, right shoulder
discomfort usually indicates liver or gallbladder irritation.
Cullen's sign - ANSWER Ecchymosis in the periumbilical region, associated
with pancreatitis
Grey Turner's sign - ANSWER Atraumatic ecchymosis in the flank, usually
signifying hemorrhagic pancreatitis.
Beck's triad: ANSWER JVD, muffled heart sounds, and lowered blood pressure
(indicating cardiac tamponade).
Cushing's triad: bradycardia, bradypnea, hypertension (indicates elevated ICP;
normal ICP=5-15 mm Hg)
Charcot's neurologic triad - ANSWER Nystagmus, staccato speech, and
deliberate tremor (indicates MS).
,Virchow's triad: Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury
(increased risk of thrombosis).
Shock Triad - Answer: Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea.
Opioid Poisoning Triad: CNS depression (AMS, coma), respiratory depression,
miosis (pinpoint pupils).
Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome has three signs: a short PR interval, delta
waves, and a broad QRS complex.
Behcet's illness - ANSWER: Recurrent oral ulcers, vaginal ulcers, and ocular
irritation
The three D's of pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3, deficiency) are diarrhoea,
dementia, and dermatitis.
Serotonin Syndrome - ANSWER Similar to NMS, but caused by serotonin
medicines, with hyperreflexive muscular activity.
Symptoms include mental state alterations and heat. Treatment=cyproheptadine
ANSWER: Adverse reaction to antipsychotics with severe "lead pipe" rigidity,
FEVER (102-104), tachycardia, tachypnea, and mental state abnormalities.
The fatal trifecta of trauma is hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy.
Neurogenic shock symptoms include hypothermia, hypotension, and
bradycardia.
,Whipple's triad: ANSWER 1. Fasting hypoglycemia: <50
2. Symptoms of hypoglycemia
3. Immediate alleviation of symptoms with the introduction of IV glucose
(Suggests insulinoma)
Reactive arthritis rhyme: Can't see (conjunctivitis), can't pee (urethritis or
cervicitis), can't climb a tree (arthritis).
Murphy's Triad - ANSWER RLQ pain, nausea, and fever (indicates
appendicitis)
Acidosis vs Alkalosis - Answer Rome:
Respiratory - opposite.
Acidosis: pH is lower, pCO2 is higher.
Alkalosis: pH is higher, pCO2 is lower.
Metabolic: Equal
Acidosis: low pH, low pCO2
Alkalosis: elevated pH and pCO2 levels.
ACE Inhibitors: "PRIL" Captopril, Enalapril, Afosiopril.
, Antihypertensive. Blocks ACE in the lungs from converting angiotensin I to
angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor). Reduces blood pressure, aldosterone
secretions, sodium levels, and fluid loss.
Check blood pressure before administering (hypotension).
*Orthostatic hypotension
ARBs: ANSWER "SARTAN"
Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
They lower blood pressure and raise CO.
Examples are Valsartan (Diovan), Losartan (Cozaar), and Irbesartan (Avapro).
-Uses include hypertension and heart failure.
-Nursing Considerations: monitor for hyperkalaemia, hypotension, and renal
failure.
Cholesterol medications end in - ANSWER: statin.
Beta-blockers end in ANSWER-lol.
Calcium channel blockers end in - ANSWER-divine (and verapamil and
diltiazem).
The five P's of compartment syndrome are: pain, pallor, pulselessness,
paraesthesia, and paralysis.
