PSYCH 217 EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2024
Development ✔✔Refers to changes and continuities over time in a persons body,
thought, and behavior due to biological and environmental influences.
Developmental Psychologists ✔✔Focus on common features of human development,
and they usually divide lifespan into developmental periods or stages that most people
share.
Age Grade ✔✔Socially defined age groups
Age Norms ✔✔Behavioral expectations; Statuses, roles, privileges, responsibilities,
and Social Clock.
What is development? ✔✔Systematic changes and continuities in the individual
between conception and death
"Womb to Tomb"
Three broad domains
Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial
What affects development? ✔✔Biological factors, environmental factors, and
Sociocultural Context.
Biological Factors ✔✔genetic, neurological, or physical conditions that affect the
development of an individual
Environmental Factors ✔✔the specific situations that an individual experiences and
that influence behavior and development
Sociocultural Context ✔✔a broad context that includes both social and cultural
influences.
What are some recurring themes and questions in Developmental Psychology? ✔✔
Nature vs Nurture, Activity vs Passivity, Life-long process, Plasticity, Historical-Cultural
context, Maturation, Environment, and Learning
Who came up with Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Theory? ✔✔Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
Who are some Neo Freudians? ✔✔Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Erik
Erikson
, What are some Learning Theories? ✔✔Behaviorism(Classical Conditioning), Operant
Conditioning, Social Cognitive Theory, and Reciprocal Determinism
Who cam up with Behaviorism, and Classical Conditioning? ✔✔John B. Watson
Who came up with Operant Conditioning? ✔✔B.F. Skinner
Who came up with Social Cognitive Theory, and Reciprocal Determinism? ✔✔Albert
Bandura
What is Lori Gottlieb known for? ✔✔Epigenetic psychobiological systems perspective
How is Development Studied? ✔✔cross-sectional design, longitudinal study, and
Sequential Design
Cross-sectional Design ✔✔Multiple cohorts, information about age differences, Cohort
effects
Longitudinal Design ✔✔Time- of- measurement effects
Sequential Design ✔✔Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs
involving repeated study of different cohorts over time.
individual heredity ✔✔Chromosomes, Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA), genes, and Ovum
+Sperm= zygote
Mechanisms of Inheritance ✔✔single gene-pair inheritance, sex-linked inheritance, and
polygenic inheritance
Genetic Anomalies ✔✔Mutations, and Chromosome abnormalities some examples of
this are, Down Syndrome/trisomy 21, fragile X syndrome, Turner syndrome (XO), and
Klinefelter syndrome(XXY)
Genes and the Environment ✔✔•Gene-Environment Interactions
•Gene-Environment Correlations
-Passive Gene-Environment Correlations
-Evocative Gene-Environment Correlations
-Active Gene-Environment Correlations
Studying Behavioral Genetics ✔✔•Heritability - proportion of variability in a trait within a
population that can be linked to genetic differences among the people.
•Selective breeding
•Twin, adoption, & family studies
-Concordance rates
-Correlation
ANSWERS 2024
Development ✔✔Refers to changes and continuities over time in a persons body,
thought, and behavior due to biological and environmental influences.
Developmental Psychologists ✔✔Focus on common features of human development,
and they usually divide lifespan into developmental periods or stages that most people
share.
Age Grade ✔✔Socially defined age groups
Age Norms ✔✔Behavioral expectations; Statuses, roles, privileges, responsibilities,
and Social Clock.
What is development? ✔✔Systematic changes and continuities in the individual
between conception and death
"Womb to Tomb"
Three broad domains
Physical, Cognitive, Psychosocial
What affects development? ✔✔Biological factors, environmental factors, and
Sociocultural Context.
Biological Factors ✔✔genetic, neurological, or physical conditions that affect the
development of an individual
Environmental Factors ✔✔the specific situations that an individual experiences and
that influence behavior and development
Sociocultural Context ✔✔a broad context that includes both social and cultural
influences.
What are some recurring themes and questions in Developmental Psychology? ✔✔
Nature vs Nurture, Activity vs Passivity, Life-long process, Plasticity, Historical-Cultural
context, Maturation, Environment, and Learning
Who came up with Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Theory? ✔✔Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939)
Who are some Neo Freudians? ✔✔Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Erik
Erikson
, What are some Learning Theories? ✔✔Behaviorism(Classical Conditioning), Operant
Conditioning, Social Cognitive Theory, and Reciprocal Determinism
Who cam up with Behaviorism, and Classical Conditioning? ✔✔John B. Watson
Who came up with Operant Conditioning? ✔✔B.F. Skinner
Who came up with Social Cognitive Theory, and Reciprocal Determinism? ✔✔Albert
Bandura
What is Lori Gottlieb known for? ✔✔Epigenetic psychobiological systems perspective
How is Development Studied? ✔✔cross-sectional design, longitudinal study, and
Sequential Design
Cross-sectional Design ✔✔Multiple cohorts, information about age differences, Cohort
effects
Longitudinal Design ✔✔Time- of- measurement effects
Sequential Design ✔✔Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs
involving repeated study of different cohorts over time.
individual heredity ✔✔Chromosomes, Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA), genes, and Ovum
+Sperm= zygote
Mechanisms of Inheritance ✔✔single gene-pair inheritance, sex-linked inheritance, and
polygenic inheritance
Genetic Anomalies ✔✔Mutations, and Chromosome abnormalities some examples of
this are, Down Syndrome/trisomy 21, fragile X syndrome, Turner syndrome (XO), and
Klinefelter syndrome(XXY)
Genes and the Environment ✔✔•Gene-Environment Interactions
•Gene-Environment Correlations
-Passive Gene-Environment Correlations
-Evocative Gene-Environment Correlations
-Active Gene-Environment Correlations
Studying Behavioral Genetics ✔✔•Heritability - proportion of variability in a trait within a
population that can be linked to genetic differences among the people.
•Selective breeding
•Twin, adoption, & family studies
-Concordance rates
-Correlation
